2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞，即表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞之分。及物動(dòng)詞是指后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞;不及物動(dòng)詞指
后面不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。
We have friends all over the world. 我們的朋友遍天下。
George’s father lives there. 喬治的爸爸住在那兒。
|
提示：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有很多既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，如close,begin,study,leave,work等。 |
(3) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的基本形式
有動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
3.系動(dòng)詞
(1)系動(dòng)詞的定義
.系動(dòng)詞亦稱(chēng)連系動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，后面必須跟表語(yǔ)。
(2)系動(dòng)詞的功能
系動(dòng)詞的主要功能是把表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句)和其主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它和其后的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。
(3)常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞
My father is a policeman.
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
He looked angry/sad/happy.
The apples taste very good.
|
提示：有部分系動(dòng)詞也可以作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞來(lái)使用。 He looked sad at the news. （“看起來(lái)”，系動(dòng)詞用法） He kooked sadiy at the boy. （“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法） |
4.助動(dòng)詞
(1)助動(dòng)詞的定義
助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，本身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。
He doesn’t like English.
(2) 助動(dòng)詞的功能
1表示時(shí)態(tài) He is singing. He doesn’t go to school on Saturday.
2構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句
Do you like college life? Did you study English before you came here?
3與否定副詞not 連用構(gòu)成否定句
I don’t like playing computer games. They are not watching TV now.
(3)目前學(xué)過(guò)的助動(dòng)詞有：be(am/is/are),do(does/did)
1“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important.
2do/does/did構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定祈使句。
Do you want to pass the English exam?
He doesn’t like to study. Don’t be late for school.
|
提示：do 也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示“做”。變否定句時(shí)必須借助don’t/doesn’t/didn’t He does homework every day. He doesn’t watch TV on school days. |
6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義及功能
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與普通動(dòng)詞一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等得一類(lèi)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般本身無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，其后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。
She can swim fast, but I can’t. You must stay here until I come back.
(2) 常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
1 can表示能力，意為“會(huì)，能”。表示客觀可能性或推測(cè)時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句;She can sing English songs.
It can’t (不可能)be Jim.I saw him at school just now.
Can /May(可以) I borrow your bike?
2 may 表示許可，用于陳述句;表示正式的請(qǐng)求或許可，用于一般疑問(wèn)句�；卮餸ay 提出的問(wèn)題，肯定形式為：Yes,please./ Yes, please do./Yes,certainly./Yes,you may. 否定形式為：No,you mustn’t./No, you can’t./Please don’t.
You may go out to ply now.
----May I smoke here?
----Yes,you may./No you mustn’t.
3must指客觀可能性或猜測(cè)時(shí)，意為“一定”;表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，必須”時(shí) ，其否定形式為mustn’t 意為“禁止，不允許，千萬(wàn)別”。回答由must構(gòu)成的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定形式為： Yes ，主語(yǔ)+must ;否定形式為：No，主語(yǔ) +needn’t/don’t have to。
It must (肯定)be Nancy’s book.Her name is on the cover.
You mustn’t (千萬(wàn)別) play football in the street.
------Must I hand in my homework tomorrow?
------Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
4should 表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，shouldn’t表示“不應(yīng)該”。
You should tell your mother the truth.
You shouldn’t make the same mistake.
例題引路
一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.My father always (help)my mother with housework.
2.The ships (not be)in the river now;they (be)there a moment ago.
3.Our family (have)a new computer last month.
4.I can (do )it better than you .
二、模仿例詞寫(xiě)出所給動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式。
例詞:do does doing did
1. write _______ _______ _______ _______
2.carry _______ _______ _______ _______
，我們將會(huì)及時(shí)處理。
