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2019年高級中學(xué)教師資格證英語考試攻略_第3頁

來源:考試網(wǎng)  [ 2018年11月30日 ]  【

  弊:課堂秩序可能因此變得混亂,課堂節(jié)奏容易失控。

  第三部分 高頻考點

  考點·詞法

  1.名詞

  表示特別含義的復(fù)數(shù)形式

  arms武器 waters水域 snows積雪 sands沙灘 works作品

  customs海關(guān),關(guān)稅 times時代 papers文件,文獻(xiàn);證明,證件 manners禮貌

  looks外表 brains頭腦,智力 greens青菜 ruins廢墟 experiences經(jīng)歷

  2.代詞

  (1)不定代詞

  one/some/ any;each/ every;none/ no;other/ another;all/ both;neither/ either

  (2)人稱代詞

  主格:I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they

  賓格:me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them

  (3)物主代詞

  形容詞性:my/your/his/her/its/our/their

  名詞性:mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs

  (4)反身代詞:myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves

  (5)指示代詞:this/that/these/those/such/some

  (6)疑問代詞:who/whom/whose/which/what/whoever/whichever/whatever

  (7)關(guān)系代詞:that/which/who/whom/whose/as

  考點·常見倍數(shù)關(guān)系表達(dá)方法

  1. A+ be +倍數(shù)+ 形容詞(或副詞)的比較級+ than +B

  This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

  這個大廳比我們的教室大五倍。(是我們教室的六倍)

  2. A+ be +倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞(或much)或副詞+ as + B

  This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.

  這塊大石頭的重量是那一塊的三倍。(這塊石頭比那塊重二倍)

  3. A+ be +倍數(shù)+ the + size (length, height ...)+ of + B

  This hill is four times the height of that small one.

  這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)

  4. The + size (length, height ...) of +A +be+ 倍數(shù)+ that + of +B

  The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.

  這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)

  考點·主謂一致的常見用法

  遵循三個原則:語法一致、意義一致、就近原則。

  1.用作主語的名詞詞組中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的一致;

  2.主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義。

充當(dāng)主語的詞

用法

例句

集體名詞

如果作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,如果就其中單個成員而言,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如audience/class/club/company/crew/enemy/crowd/ government/group/party/public/team等。

His family is a happy one.

The whole family are watching TV.

只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù):people/police/cattle等

The police are searching for the thief.

  3.句中出現(xiàn)連詞如or, either… or …, neither… nor …, not only… but also …等,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近做主語的詞語保持一致。

  當(dāng)主語后面有as well as/with/along with/together with/but/like/rather than/except以及逗號加and連接幾個名字等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。

  考點·同位語從句

  1.一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容

  I heard the news that our team had won.

  I had no idea that you were here.

  2.常見的可以跟同位語從句的詞(抽象名詞)

  news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word (消息), possibility等。如:

  I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

  3.常見引導(dǎo)詞

  連詞that, whether

  連接副詞how, when, where等。(注:if, which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)如:

  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

  有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。如:

  Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.

  4.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

  (1)同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,解釋說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容;屬于名詞性從句范疇。定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,限定前面名詞范圍,屬于形容詞性從句范疇。

  The news that I have passed the exam is true.

  The news that he told me just now is true.

  (2)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份,而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,除了起連接作用外,還在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等。如:

  The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

  The idea that he gave surprises many people.

  考點·倒裝的用法

  1.謂語的全部或部分(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)放在主語之前的現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。

種類

倒裝條件

例句

完全倒裝

here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調(diào)

Out rushed the children.

表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首

Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.

強調(diào)表語,置于句首,或為保持句子平衡

Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.

部分倒裝

never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首

Hardly did I know what had happened.

only和修飾的狀語放于句首

Only then did he realize the importance of English.

not only…but also連接并列的句子,前倒后不倒

Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.

neither…nor…連接并列的句子,前后都倒裝

Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.

so…that, such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒

So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.

as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語,把需要強調(diào)的部分提前(如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞),然后再加陳述句的其他部分

Child as he is, he has learned a lot.

so, neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事

He can play the piano. So can I.

用于表示祝愿的祈使句中

May you be in good health!

省略if的虛擬條件

Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

  2.“so / nor / neither + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+ 主語”與“so / nor / neither + 主語+ 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞”

  ①“so / nor / neither + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+ 主語”表示前面說過的情況也適用于另一個人或物時要部分倒裝。如:

  Peter can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

 、凇皊o / nor / neither + 主語+ 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞”表示“確實……”,僅是對前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和。如:

  ---The lights are still on in the classroom. You must have forgotten to turn them off.

  ---So I did.

  考點·狀語從句

  1.時間狀語從句

  常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until

  特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

  I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

  Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

  2.目的狀語從句

  常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that

  特殊引導(dǎo)詞:lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

  The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

  The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that students in the back could hear more clearly.

  3.讓步狀語從句

  常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if, even though

  特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as (用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝), while (一般用在句首), no matter…, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

  Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

  The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

  考點·語音知識

  1.輔音

  A chart of English consonants

place

manner

Voicing

Bilabial

Labio-

dental

Dental

Alveolar

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Stops or plosives

VL

p

t

k

VD

b

d

g

Fricatives

VL

f

θ

s

ʃ

h

VD

v

ð

z

ʒ

Affricates

VL

(tʃ)

VD

(dʒ)

Nasals

VD

m

n

ŋ

Liquids

VD

l, r

Glides

VD

w

j

  2. Minimal Pair最小對立體

  When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair. For example, dill and kill are a minimal pair because they differ from each other by the initial sound [d] and [k].

  最小對立對指除了出現(xiàn)在同一位置上的一個音不同之外,其余都相同的兩個語音組合。例如,dill和kill就是一組最小對立體,二者的不同在于首字母發(fā)音分別為[d]和[k]。

  考點·The cooperative principle合作原則

  格萊斯提出并創(chuàng)建的合作原則,是一個語用假說。他假定會話參與者們首先是愿意合作的;否則,他們就不可能將談話進(jìn)行下去。這一原則就稱作合作原則,簡稱CP。為了進(jìn)一步解釋合作原則,格萊斯還引進(jìn)了四大準(zhǔn)則(交際準(zhǔn)則):數(shù)量的準(zhǔn)則、質(zhì)量的準(zhǔn)則、關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則和方式準(zhǔn)則。

  有趣的是,我們有一重要的點必須注意到:即這四大準(zhǔn)則并不總是被人們嚴(yán)格遵守的。相反,因為各種各樣的原因,人們往往會違背這些準(zhǔn)則。而有時準(zhǔn)則的違背也就使得“會話含義”(會話中的暗示意義)產(chǎn)生了。

  1. Violation of maxim of quantity違反數(shù)量原則

  ●使自己所說的話達(dá)到當(dāng)前交談目的所要求的詳盡程度。

  ●不要使自己所說的話比所要求的更詳盡。

  2. Violation of maxim of quality違反質(zhì)量原則

  ●不說自知虛假的話。

  ●不說缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話。

  3. Violation of maxim of relation違反關(guān)系原則

  ●所言要有關(guān)聯(lián)。

  4. Violation of maxim of manner違反方式原則

  ●避免表達(dá)晦澀。

  ●避免產(chǎn)生歧義。

  ●所言要簡練(避免啰嗦,冗長)。

  ●所言要條理清晰。

  考點·閱讀技能教學(xué)

  1.閱讀技能教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀策略;培養(yǎng)語感;特別強調(diào)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在閱讀過程中的獲取和處理信息的能力。

  2.基本技能:略讀(skimming);找讀(scanning);預(yù)測下文;理解大意;分清文章中的事實和觀點;猜測詞義;推理判斷;了解重點細(xì)節(jié);理解文章結(jié)構(gòu);理解圖表信息;理解指代關(guān)系;理解邏輯關(guān)系;理解作者意圖;評價閱讀內(nèi)容。

  3.相關(guān)教學(xué)活動:

  略讀:即選擇性地進(jìn)行跳躍式閱讀,了解文章大意?梢圆扇∪齻步驟:(1)通讀文章起始段和結(jié)尾段;(2)找到主題句,細(xì)讀其他段落的主題句;(3)瀏覽一些與主題句相關(guān)的信息詞。

  找讀:要求在很短的時間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地找到目標(biāo),可以利用主題詞、標(biāo)題或表格、板式及印刷特點等來快速閱讀教學(xué)內(nèi)容后,可以進(jìn)行回答提問的問題、解釋概括文意、制作圖表、判斷真?zhèn)、排序、填表、補全信息、連線等教學(xué)活動。

  考點·教學(xué)設(shè)計

  教學(xué)設(shè)計部分的考題是需要撰寫一篇教案或者撰寫教案的部分要素,一個教案的基本結(jié)構(gòu)包含以下要點:

  Teaching Topic:

  Teaching Content:

  Teaching Objectives:

  Teaching Key Points:

  Teaching Difficult Points:

  Teaching Procedure:

  ……

  Blackboard Design:

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