2018年成人學位英語考試模擬試題及答案（13）

　　Passage 1

　　The reflective towers of New York City, which is on the Atlantic migrating(遷徙的)route , can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass,” said Ms.Laurel, an architect。(76)“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights, and the larger the glass, the more dangerous it is�！� About 90,000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often, they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat(棲息地)loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year。

　　(77)As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process。

　　There are no easy fixes, however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet(紫外線的)signals, but they are still in their infancy. Covers, dot patterns, shades and net are the main options available。

　　Often, only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don’t necessarily have to treat every window,” Ms.Laurel said. “It would be too expensive to do the whole building�！� The Jacob Convention Center, which has been undergoing alterations, is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes. The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns。

　　1. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. New York is a city of glass towers。

　　B. Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds。

　　C. New York adopted new safety standards for buildings。

　　D. Glass towers are a new trend in the United States。

　　【答案】B。答案：此題目屬于主旨大意題。此類題目我們建議您暫時擱置在這里，根據(jù)我們的切題解題法的原則，出題人一定會在下面的題目中，給我們提供大量的關(guān)于文章主旨的信息。

　　全文主要說由于建筑的反光玻璃導致了鳥類大量死亡， 以及為了減少鳥類因撞擊而死亡，美國一些地區(qū)采取的措施。因此選B。

　　2. What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds?

　　A. Climate change B. Habitat loss

　　C. Lack of food D. Crashing into buildings。

　　【答案】B。答案：題干大意：引起遷徙鳥類死亡的第一原因是什么。

　　如果閣下沒有足夠的常識儲備，請您帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞：death for migrating birds，一目一行定位答案范圍在：第一段第三句話。定位句是：Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat loss, with…，可判斷撞擊是既棲息地減少后的第二個主要原因。此處請您理解關(guān)鍵詞after的含義：crashes是在habitat loss之后，反過來也就是說，habitat loss是第一位的原因。故選B

　　3. What does the word “fixes” in the third paragraph probably mean?

　　A. Choices B. Explanations C. Solutions D. Developments

　　【答案】C。答案：千萬千萬注意，答案信息就應該在這個詞語的附近，此題目只要我們把句子翻譯一下，相信您也不會犯錯誤。前面第二小題講述鳥類大量死亡，這里應該講述的是解決辦法了。There was no easy fixes… 表示解決起來不容易，即沒有容易的解決辦法。答案是C。

　　4. _____are used in the alteration of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center。

　　A. Dot patterns B. Shades C. Nets D. Covers

　　【答案】A。答案：帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞：Jacob K. Javits，一目一行定位答案范圍在：全文最后一句The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns. 故選A。

　　5. Which of the fowling statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. In many cases, the whole building needs to be altered to prevent bird crashes。

　　B. The Jacob K.Javits Convention Center is the first building to deal with the problem of bird crashes。

　　C. About 90,000 birds are killed due to habitat loss in New York City each year。

　　D. Unfortunately, glass designs that use ultraviolet signals are still in their early stages。

　　【答案】D。答案：此類題目我們最好是帶著選項內(nèi)容，和利用前面題目的信息，一目一行到原文中判斷：A選項信息在最后一自然段第一句話：原文中提及，只是改變建筑物的一部分，當然排除;B選項：定位文中第三段。最后一段第三句話，排除;C選項：第一段最后一句話，是十億只，而非90000只，排除;D選項：第三段…that use ultraviolet signals, but they are still in their infancy。表示使用紫外線信號還在初步使用階段，即D項，原文中的in their infancy 即是選項中in their earlystage的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　反過頭去完成第一小題：其余四個小題給我們的綜合信息是：第二小題是鳥類死亡原因;第三小題是：解決辦法;第四小題仍然是解決辦法;第五小題仍然是解決辦法。那么全文大意我們應該就明明白白清清楚楚了：提出鳥類遷徙途中的大量死亡的原因，解決辦法。只有B選項提及了關(guān)鍵詞：birds和玻璃。答案是B。

　　全文翻譯

　　紐約市的反射建筑對大西洋遷徙過程中的鳥類造成了致命的傷害�！拔覀冏≡谝粋�玻璃的時代，”約有9萬只鳥因撞到了城市的建筑上而喪命。它們通常在附近的公園覓食之后，撞到了玻璃建筑的低層上。這種撞擊是繼棲息地減少之后，對遷徙鳥類造成致命的第二個主要因素，死亡數(shù)量估計一年攀升到10億。

　　近幾十年里，隨著玻璃設置的辦公室和公寓數(shù)量的增加，也就要我們號召建造一些對鳥類沒有那么大殺傷力的建筑。圣弗朗西斯科在七月份采取了鳥類安全標準建造房屋。美國綠色建筑協(xié)會，一個非盈利性的工業(yè)組織開始鼓勵建造一些注重環(huán)境型的建筑，并于今年秋天引進鳥類安全標準，作為環(huán)境認證過程的一部分。

　　但是，解決方案并不容易。少數(shù)研究者用紫外線信號研發(fā)玻璃設計，但是研究仍在初始階段。覆蓋式、點式、陰影式和網(wǎng)狀式的設計是幾個主要的合適的選擇方案。

　　通常，只有建筑的一部分需要改造�！安挥酶脑烀恳簧却皯��！眲诶�說�！叭绻�改造整棟大樓費用太大了�！盝acob K. Javits會展中心正在實施改造方案，近期的大多數(shù)建筑主要是針對減少鳥類撞擊問題而設計的。建筑少用反射玻璃，而采用點式型。

　　Passage 2

　　Today’s students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F.D.R., and they live in a world where amazing innovations(革新)are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford; Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital(數(shù)字的)，they are impatient to get on with life。

　　The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship(企業(yè)家才能)education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them。

　　A report published last year by the Kauffman Foundation, which finances programs to promote innovation on campuses, noted that more than 50,000 entrepreneurship programs are offered on two-and four-year campuses—up from just 250 courses in 1985. Lesa Mitchell , a Kauffman vice president, says that the foundation is extending the reach of its academic influence, which used to be found only in business schools.

　　Now, the concept of entrepreneurship is blooming in engineering programs and medical school, and even in the liberal arts. “Our interest is the programs,” she says. “We need to spread out from the business school�！� Either as class projects or on their own, students in a variety of majors are coming up with ideas, writing business plans and seeing them through to prototype and, often, market. In their spare time, students in agricultural economics at Purdue invent new uses for bean; industrial design majors at Syracuse, in special laboratory, create wearable technologies。

　　(78)The entrepreneurship movement has its critics, especially among those who see college as a time for extensive academic exploration. “I just don’t think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national need,” says Daniel S.Greenberg, author of Science for sale: The perils, Rewards and Delusions of Campus Capitalism。

　　Leonard A.Schlesinger, Babson College’s president, says that the question of whether innovation can really be taught is “an age-old argument”

　　6. When Google and Facebook were established, the founders were still_____。

　　A. in high school B. in the army C. in primary school D. at college

　　【答案】D。答案：帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞：Google and Facebook were established,一目一行定位答案范圍在：第一段第二句話。the 18-year-olds, …two students at Stanford; …at Harvard…, 即斯坦福和哈佛兩所大學，故選D。

　　7. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education?

　　A. To prepare students for future academic life

　　B. To prepare students to find opportunities and seize them。

　　C. To prepare students for overseas career。

　　D. To prepare student to develop interpersonal skills。

　　【答案】B。答案：entrepreneurship education(企業(yè)家才能)認識嗎?A選項與題干關(guān)鍵詞(企業(yè)家才能)格格不入，至少關(guān)系不大，排除;C選項：為學生的海外事業(yè)作準備，那么我們反向思維，國內(nèi)事業(yè)就不需要這種教育了?排除：D選項：人際交往能力。既然如此，也不一定就需要entrepreneurship education，其它的形式也許更適合，排除。答案是B：找到機會并且抓住它們。

　　認證答案：帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞：entrepreneurship education一目一行定位答案范圍在：第二段，…in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them.當然B選項是正確答案。

　　8. The word “prototype” in the fourth paragraph is most likely to mean_____。

　　A. model B. strategy C. method D. stage

　　【答案】A。答案：Prototype 意為典型，模式，意為：在市場模式下，審查經(jīng)濟計劃。故選A。

　　9. What does Daniel S. Grennberg think of entrepreneurship education?

　　A. Entrepreneurship, or at least certain elements of it, can be taught。

　　B. An entrepreneurship program can help students find what they really like and entrepreneurship isn’t all about business。

　　C. Entrepreneurship should be spread across different fields。

　　D. Colleges shouldn’t put too much emphasis on entrepreneurship programs。

　　【答案】D。答案：此題目充分利用常識儲備和前面題目的信息：假如我們的大學都朝商業(yè)化發(fā)展，那么國將不國，大學將不大學了，因為大學應該永遠是育人為先，育人豈能是簡簡單單的“entrepreneurship education”能夠代替的?簡直是胡謅。任何有常識之人，都應該同意我的觀點。A與B與C選項，均與常識相違背，排除。

　　認證答案：帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞：Daniel S. Grennberg一目一行定位答案范圍在：倒數(shù)第二段。定位句：…I just don’t think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national need,… 表示Greenberg 認為，根據(jù)國家需要，企業(yè)家才能沒有占太高的地位。所以同義轉(zhuǎn)化為D，沒有太高地位，因此學校也不必太重視它。

　　10. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Entrepreneurship courses in business schools。

　　B. Qualities of an entrepreneur。

　　C. Entrepreneurship education in colleges。

　　D. Kids in the information age。

　　【答案】C。答案：充分利用前面題目的信息：首先排除B與D選項，因為前面題目信息的關(guān)鍵詞(高頻詞)是：大學、企業(yè)家才能。與之匹配的選項只有C選項。答案是C。

　　認證答案：全文開篇描寫一些人學生時代的創(chuàng)造力和發(fā)明，進而引出企業(yè)家才能教育這一概念，然后描述企業(yè)家才能被應用到什么領域，以及關(guān)于企業(yè)家才能教育的一些負面評價。故選C，全文講述了學校的企業(yè)家才能教育。

　　全文翻譯

　　當今的學生比起羅斯福大多是聽著比爾蓋茨的事跡長大的，同時，他們生活在一個革新很普遍的世界中。畢竟，目前18歲這一代人在8歲的時候，斯坦福大學的兩個學生創(chuàng)建了Google;馬克·扎克伯格在2004年創(chuàng)建了Facebook，那時他還在哈佛上學，那些孩子們正要上高中。他們是伴著數(shù)字長大的，所以渴望去享受生活。

　　要發(fā)掘像這樣的潛質(zhì)兒童，最簡單的方法就是檢查一下企業(yè)家才能教育，那里的大學和學院試著讓孩子認清機會、把握機會。

　　去年，考夫曼基金會發(fā)表了一則報告，在校園里實行推進創(chuàng)新的財政計劃，報告顯示，在2年到4年間提供超過5 000個企業(yè)家才能培訓計劃——比起1985年僅有的250個課程有所增加。考夫曼基金會副會長Lesa Mitchell說基金會擴大了它的學術(shù)影響力，而這曾經(jīng)僅在經(jīng)濟類院校使用。現(xiàn)在，企業(yè)家才能這個概念在工程計劃、醫(yī)學類院校及藝術(shù)領域興起�！拔覀兏信d趣的是讓這個概念在所有領域中使用，”她說，“我們需要把這個概念從經(jīng)濟類院校中傳播出去�！�

　　不管是課程還是他們自身，各專業(yè)的學生都應具備這樣的思想，寫一些商業(yè)計劃，進而通過一種模式(通常是市場模式下)來審視這些計劃。閑暇時，普度大學的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟類學生發(fā)明了豆子的新用法;希拉丘茲工業(yè)設計專業(yè)的學生在專門實驗室創(chuàng)造了耐用技術(shù)。

　　企業(yè)家才能運動受到一些人的批判，特別是那些把大學時代視為一個廣泛學術(shù)研發(fā)的時期�！案鶕�(jù)國家需求，我認為企業(yè)家才能沒有占有很高地位，”Daniel S. Greenberg說，銷售科學：校園資本主義的風險、回報和妄想一書的作者。

　　巴布森大學校長Leonard A. Schlesinger說創(chuàng)新能否被教出來這一問題是一個長期備受爭議的話題。