Passage Two
　　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
　　本篇講述醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)用紙記錄下的東西比口語交流的信息更加準(zhǔn)確和穩(wěn)定。問題源自一位醫(yī)生在對一個孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事項之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些親屬們竟然記不清到底醫(yī)生講了些什么，于是醫(yī)生決定在以后交待注意事項的時候要把這些內(nèi)容全印成紙質(zhì)的東西，因為紙質(zhì)的東西比口語更可靠。
　　詞匯點撥
　　suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑戰(zhàn)
　　話題詞匯
　　context n. 上下文
　　physician n. 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
　　recover v. 恢復(fù)
　　stability n. 穩(wěn)定性
　　act out 表演出來
　　emergency room 急診室
　　oral communication 口頭交際
　　tailored to 定制的
　　難句解析
　　1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
　　【解析】此句為倒裝句，強調(diào)listening to her，主語為a half a dozen other family members。正常語序為：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
　　2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.
　　【解析】本句兩分句由連詞but連接，had heard為過去完成時，表示在家人問瑪雅醫(yī)生之前就發(fā)生了此動作。I have given just a few hours before做定語修飾the simple instructions，省略連接詞that。
試題詳解
　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他們是否應(yīng)該將孩子帶回家。
　　B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 瑪雅醫(yī)生的醫(yī)囑到底是什么。
　　C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 誰在家照顧孩子。
　　D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么時候這個孩子能完全恢復(fù)。
　　【聽音指導(dǎo)】瀏覽四個選項，應(yīng)注意到都為wh-開頭的疑問詞，且提到了醫(yī)生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推測此題涉及的場景為醫(yī)院，病人為孩子。
　　【正確項分析】問題為孩子的家人因為什么而爭論，原文為the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意為親屬們就醫(yī)生到底講過什么建議爭論不休，問醫(yī)生如何解決。選項B中的instructions與原文的advice同義，選項B正確。
　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓勵他們拿不準(zhǔn)時就提問題。
　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她讓他們記下她的醫(yī)囑。
　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她讓他們把將在家里做的事情表演出來。
　　D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她讓他們復(fù)述要做的事。
　　【聽音指導(dǎo)】由第一題的選項可很有把握地推測she指代的是Doctor Myer，而與醫(yī)生相對的多半為病人。注意關(guān)鍵詞ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
　　【正確項分析】瑪雅醫(yī)生如何確定病人完全明白了自己的建議呢?原文為She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her與選項D中的關(guān)鍵詞repeat一致，選項D為正確答案，
　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷體的穩(wěn)定性。
　　B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含許多語法錯誤。
　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依賴上下文語境。
　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人際交往。
　　【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題為短文最后一題，應(yīng)在文章最后出現(xiàn)。需要注意關(guān)鍵字stability，errors，context和communication。
　　【正確項分析】此題是典型的篇章問題考法。答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾處，問題是作者對于人類口語交流 (human speech) 總結(jié)了什么。原文為human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，與選項A一致。
　　原文及譯文
　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
　　Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
　　29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
　　30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
　　喬安娜•瑪雅是一名急診室醫(yī)生。早年，她曾醫(yī)治了一名二度燒傷的孩子。這個孩子接受完治療準(zhǔn)備出院時，瑪雅醫(yī)生告訴孩子父母在家如何照顧孩子，在場的還有六位家庭其他成員。幾小時后，當(dāng)她來與孩子再見的時候，孩子一家請她解決爭論，他們一直爭論她的醫(yī)囑到底是什么�！耙驗槲乙呀�(jīng)告訴過他們，所以我很驚訝�！彼�說，“他們所有的人都在短短幾小時前聽到了我給出的簡單的醫(yī)囑，但是他們有三、四個不同的版本。最基本的細(xì)節(jié)都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃驚，因為這些是聰明人�！边@一段插曲給了瑪雅醫(yī)生第一個線索，而這遲早每個醫(yī)生都會懂得，即大多數(shù)人聽的不準(zhǔn)確。
　　如今，瑪雅說她反復(fù)重復(fù)醫(yī)囑，甚至對一些病人進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場核查。她要他們告訴她他們應(yīng)該做的事。她還根據(jù)病人的情況提供可帶回家的打印文本�，斞裴t(yī)生的聽眾都是正常人。當(dāng)面對新資料或難度較大的資料時，幾乎所有的聽眾都會面臨挑戰(zhàn)，因為人類口語缺乏書面文字的穩(wěn)定性和永久性�？陬^交流速度快但持續(xù)時間短。
　　29. 孩子的家庭成員在醫(yī)院里爭論的是什么?
　　30. 為確保病人明白她的醫(yī)囑，瑪雅醫(yī)生做了什么?
　　31. 說話者如何評述人類口語?