11. The word “brainstorming” belongs to ______ .( )
A. adjective compounds B. noun compounds
C. verb compounds D. adverb compounds
12. ______does not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modifies its meaning. ( )
A. Prefixation B. Suffixation
C. Affixation D. Derivation
13. A word is the combination of form and______. ( )
A. spelling B. pronunciation
C. meaning D. sound
14. ______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.( )
A. Reference B. Concept
C. Sense D. Motivation
15. The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning is ______. ( )
A. grammatical meaning B. lexical meaning
C. conceptual meaning D. associative meaning
16. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called ______. ( )
A. derivation B. deterioration
C. purification D. pejoration
17. One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more ______ than ______ in it. ( )
A. hyponyms ... homonyms B. homonyms ... hyponyms
C. synonyms ... antonyms D. antonyms ...synonyms
18. Relative synonyms also called______ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. ( )
A. close-synonyms B. respondent-synonyms
C. near-synonyms D. dependent-synonyms
19. Angel, martyr and paradise have their meaning______ because of the influence of Christianity. ( )
A. elevated B. degraded
C. narrowed D. extended
20. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and______.( )
A. sense B. reference
C. association D. transfer
