11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（　　　）

A．compounding                                              B．clipping

C．blending                                                      D．suffixation

12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（　　�。�

A．a(chǎn)cronymy                                                   B．clipping

C．back-formation                                            D．prefixation

13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（　　�。�

A．grammatical meaning                                   B．conceptual meaning

C．a(chǎn)ssociative meaning                                     D．literal meaning

14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（　　　）

A．onomatopoeic                                              B．morphological

C．semantic                                                     D．etymological

15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（　　�。�

A．Reference                                                   B．Concept

C．Sense                                                         D．Motivation

16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（　　�。�

A．word formation                                           B．word meaning

C．meaning change                                           D．sense relations

17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（　　�。�

A．semantic                                                     B．onomatopoeic

C．monosemic                                                 D．polysemic

18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（　　�。�

A．ire/anger                                                     B．rich/wealthy

C．forlorn/distressed                                         D．bliss/happiness

19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（　　　）

A．senses                                                        B．forms

C．dialects                                                       D．terms

20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（　　�。�

A．extension                                                    B．elevation

C．narrowing                                                   D．degradation