11. The Silent Way is an approach to language teaching developed in the United States, principally by ______.

　　A. James Asher B. Caleb Gattegno

　　C. Charles A. Curran D. Georgi Lozanov

　　12. The Natural Approach believes that ______ in learning a language.

　　A. comprehension abilities precede productive skills

　　B. productive skills precede comprehension abilities

　　C. comprehension abilities follow productive skills

　　D. productive skills go before comprehension abilities

　　13. Which of the following activities is a Natural Approach teacher NOT likely to use in his/her teaching?

　　A. Personal identification.

　　B. Narration of one’s own experiences.

　　C. Discussion of various issues.

　　D. Recitation of a poem.

　　14. By the late 1960s, some theoretical linguists became conscious of the fact that in their precious linguistic researches ______ had been neglected.

　　A. words and expressions

　　B. expressions and meaning

　　C. meaning and context

　　D. words and context

　　15. Palmer and his fellow linguists believed that a ______ of some 2,000 words would greatly assist foreign language learning.

　　A. recitation

　　B. knowledge

　　C. memorization

　　D. repetition

　　16. ______ is the process by which we modify what we already know to take into account new information.

　　A. Organization

　　B. Accommodation

　　C. Comprehension

　　D. Assimilation

　　17. Which of the following is NOT adopted as one of the practice techniques in the Oral Approach?

　　A. Guided repetition.

　　B. Substitution drills.

　　C. Reading and writing.

　　D. Translation.

　　18. The fundamental purpose of learning Latin was to study the ______ culture, which was worshipped in the Renaissance.

　　A. classical

　　B. modern ��

　　C. religious

　　D. contemporary

　　19. The Cognitive Approach holds that students’ mistakes are ______ in the creative use of language.

　　A. useful

　　B. understandable ��

　　C. unavoidable

　　D. reasonable

　　20. According to structural linguistics, elements in a language are produced in a ______ way.

　　A. structure-oriented

　　B. rule-governed

　　C. context-focused

　　D. teacher-centered