全國2007年1月高等教育自學(xué)考試內(nèi)科護(hù)理學(xué)（一）試題
課程代碼：02998
一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（本大題共30小題，每小題1分，共30分）
在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無分。
1.咯鐵銹色痰提示患有(      )
A.肺癌                                                       B．支氣管擴(kuò)張
C.肺結(jié)核                                                     D．肺炎球菌肺炎
2.生長快，轉(zhuǎn)移早，惡性度高，對(duì)化療敏感的肺癌是(      )
A.鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞癌                                       B.小細(xì)胞未分化癌
C.大細(xì)胞未分化癌                                       D.腺癌
3.導(dǎo)致肺動(dòng)脈高壓形成的最重要因素是(      )
A.肺血管床減少                                          B.缺氧性肺血管收縮
C.血液粘稠度增加                                       D.血容量增多
4.服用后能使體液及分泌物呈桔黃色、隱形眼鏡變色的抗結(jié)核藥物是(      )
A.利福平                                                     B.鏈霉素
C.乙胺丁醇                                                 D.異煙肼
5.訓(xùn)練腹式呼吸時(shí)，不正確的方法是(      )
A.用鼻吸氣，用口呼氣                                B.吸氣時(shí)腹部鼓起
C.呼氣時(shí)腹壁下陷                                       D.吸與呼之比為2∶1或3∶1
6.預(yù)防哮喘發(fā)作可使用(      )
A.沙丁胺醇                                                 B.舒弗美
C.色甘酸二鈉                                              D.地塞米松
7.慢性呼吸衰竭時(shí)，糾正呼吸性酸中毒的主要措施是(      )
A.靜脈滴注堿性藥物                                   B.增加通氣量
C.提高吸入氧濃度                                       D.使用激素
8.最常見的誘發(fā)心力衰竭的因素是(      )
A.呼吸道感染                                              B.快速心律失常
C.情緒激動(dòng)                                                 D.輸液過快
9.不屬于室上性陣發(fā)性心動(dòng)過速特點(diǎn)的是(      )
A.P波不易分辨                                           B.QRS波群形態(tài)正常
C.頻率150~250次／分                                D.節(jié)律不齊
10.能引起左房和右心室增大，最終導(dǎo)致右心衰竭的心臟瓣膜病是(      )
A.二尖瓣狹窄                                              B.二尖瓣關(guān)閉不全
C.主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄                                          D.主動(dòng)脈瓣關(guān)閉不全
11.典型心絞痛的疼痛性質(zhì)是(      )
A.針扎樣刺痛                                              B.壓榨樣悶痛
C.刀割樣絞痛                                              D.尖銳樣灼痛
12.潰瘍病人餐后上腹部飽脹，頻繁嘔吐宿食，2周內(nèi)體重下降5kg，血鉀2.7mmol／L，提示該病人合并有(      )
A.潰瘍癌變                                                 B.穿孔
C.幽門梗阻                                                 D.出血
13.治療潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的首選藥物是(      )
A.柳氮磺胺吡啶                                          B.地塞米松
C.利福平                                                     D.先鋒霉素
14.屬于慢性胃體炎的臨床表現(xiàn)是(      )
A.幽門螺桿菌感染引起                                B.胃酸正常
C.胃泌素分泌正常                                       D.惡性貧血
15.早期診斷肝癌的主要方法是(      )
A.酶學(xué)檢查                                                 B.CT檢查
C.甲胎蛋白的檢測                                       D.放射性核素掃描
16.肝性腦病病人出現(xiàn)便秘時(shí)，忌用(      )
A.生理鹽水灌腸                                          B.肥皂水灌腸
c.稀醋酸灌腸                                              D.清水灌腸
17.肝硬化病人最常見的并發(fā)癥是(      )
A.上消化道出血                                          B.感染
C.肝性腦病                                                 D.低鉀血癥
18.幾乎所有急性腎小球腎炎患者都出現(xiàn)的臨床癥狀是(      )
A.水腫                                                        B.少量
C.血尿                                                        D.高血壓
19.指導(dǎo)腎病綜合征患者進(jìn)食時(shí)，不適宜的指導(dǎo)是(      )
A.蛋白質(zhì)不必限制                                       B.低鹽<3g／d
C.熱量126~147kJ／kg                                 D.嚴(yán)重水腫時(shí)限水
20.腎盂腎炎最常見的感染途徑是(      )
A.血行感染                                                 B.淋巴管感染
C.直接感染                                                 D.上行感染
21.不屬于血液透析的指征是(      )
A.pH7.29                                                     B.血肌酐481μmol／L
C.血鉀5.1mmol／L                                     D.血BUN  23mmol／L
22.引起慢性腎功能衰竭貧血的主要原因是(      )
A.紅細(xì)胞生成素產(chǎn)生減少                            B.骨髓造血受抑制
C.紅細(xì)胞壽命縮短                                       D.鐵、葉酸缺乏
23.導(dǎo)致2型糖尿病人死亡的最主要原因是(      )
A.冠心病                                                     B.糖尿病腎病
C.壞疽                                                        D.感染
24.甲亢患者甲狀腺腫大的特征性表現(xiàn)為(      )
A.彌漫性對(duì)稱性腫大                                   B.質(zhì)硬，表面有結(jié)節(jié)
C.固定，不活動(dòng)                                          D.觸及震顫和聽到血管雜音
25.治療系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡病人時(shí)，為控制皮疹、光敏感主張采用(      )
A.非甾體抗炎藥                                          B.腎上腺糖皮質(zhì)激素
C.抗瘧藥                                                     D.免疫抑制劑
26.類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎最常出現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)疼痛的部位是(      )
A.腕掌指關(guān)節(jié)                                              B.足趾關(guān)節(jié)
C.膝關(guān)節(jié)                                                     D.肘關(guān)節(jié)
27.一環(huán)衛(wèi)工人在夏日的下午清掃馬路，出現(xiàn)頭痛、嘔吐、煩躁不安等癥狀，體溫37℃，此工人中暑類型為(      )
A.熱衰竭                                                     B.熱痙攣
C.日射病                                                     D.熱射病
28.一氧化碳的中毒機(jī)制是(      )
A.窒息性缺氧                                              B.抑制酶的活性
C.局部的腐蝕作用                                       D.麻醉作用
29.感染后能產(chǎn)生持久免疫力的傳染病是(      )
A.乙型肝炎                                                 B.艾滋病
C.霍亂                                                        D.傷寒
30.艾滋病的最主要傳播途徑是(      )
A.經(jīng)血液制品傳播                                       B.密切接觸傳播
C.性接觸傳播                                              D.母嬰傳播