2017年自考《英語翻譯》試題及答案
參考答案見最后一頁。
I.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:(20%)
1/ “漢語具有意美、________、________三大優(yōu)點(diǎn)!(魯迅《漢文學(xué)史綱要》第一篇《自文學(xué)至文章》,然而,英語與漢語相比,前者為拼音文字,而后者為表意文字。英語所具有的“音美”顯然有別于漢語。漢語一個字代表一個音節(jié),而漢語音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)形式的一個突出的審美特征是雙聲疊韻。
2/ “譯筆出原著頭地”,或曰青出于藍(lán)的現(xiàn)象除歸結(jié)為譯者“驅(qū)使本國文字”的“功夫”之外,另有一點(diǎn)似不可忽視,即漢語本身是“智慧的語言”、“________”(魯?shù)婪颉じトR齊語)。漢語的種種________(諸如四字結(jié)構(gòu)、意合parataxis能力、形式齊整、音律躍耳、辭格豐富、意境性強(qiáng)等等)如漫漫譯途上的一盞指路明燈,又如茫茫譯林中的奔泉與鳥鳴,令譯者走出“柳暗”,令譯者呈現(xiàn)“光明”。
3/ 聯(lián)想(association)的理論與實(shí)踐同樣適用于英漢翻譯。放眼譯苑,不少譯者未動譯筆,已敗于“理解”門檻之外,其理解或捉襟見拙,或張冠李戴,或自相矛盾;另一些譯者雖理解無誤,卻譯筆呆滯枯暗,表達(dá)或________,或不問原文,或淡而無味,緣由之一恐怕蓋與“聯(lián)想”有涉。________,為有源頭活水來。我門把玩譯林佳句時,常發(fā)出這樣的慨嘆:文思如涌,聯(lián)想馳騁,方能譯筆有神。
4/ 從語源(Etymology)觀察,英漢相距甚遠(yuǎn)。雖然英漢同屬屈折變化(inflections) 較少的分析性語言(analytical language),也不屬綜合型語言(synthetic language),但是,英語與漢語畢竟各自隸屬不同語系,前者屬________(Indo-European language),后者屬漢藏語系(________)。
5/ 詞典之類的參考書對譯者來說都________。只有________,包括最廣泛的語言–文化背景,才能說明含義。
----(英)喬治• 斯坦納
6/ 此種觀點(diǎn),甚至“殃及”譯界:科技翻譯講抽象思維,而文學(xué)翻譯才須講形象思維。實(shí)際情況則是:任何一類翻譯,都需要________。缺乏形象思維的翻譯,其譯文或舛誤疊現(xiàn),或生硬呆板,或形容枯槁,或________。
7/ 靈感思維并不縹緲,更不遙遠(yuǎn)!君不見,那么令人失聲叫絕的譯文,就或明或暗地閃現(xiàn)靈感思維的光澤。譯者的靈感思維從天而降,他會走筆如神,左右逢源,心中蕩漾________;而誦讀這樣的譯文,則完全可能令讀者陶醉字里,________!潛心對原文和譯文作對照閱讀時,你會感受心靈的震撼,“嚯”地起身,大呼“天才譯文!”
8/ 據(jù)筆者陋見,經(jīng)受文化沖擊,首先指置身于異族文化或生活方式的人,其次,大概就數(shù)“________”了。因?yàn),語言畢竟或多或少是一種社會和文化的載體。而翻譯則是一種典型的________。
9/ 漢語自有漢語之美。漢語不注重對客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)作符合邏輯的形式的描摹,不執(zhí)著于形式結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范。漢語是一種時現(xiàn)“________”(femininity)的語言。漢語的魅力系于她的流散和疏放,系于她的________。
10/ 從翻譯美學(xué)審視,“雅”,即“________”,即原文或譯文的________。
II.Passage Translation:(30%)
1/ The true artist lets himself go. He is natural. He swims easily in the stream of his own temperament. He listens to himself. He respects himself.
He comes into the light of every-day like a great leviathan of the deep, breaking the smooth surface of accepted things, gay, serious, sportive. His appetite for life is enormous. He enters eagerly into the life of man, all men. He becomes all men in himself.
2/ Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your tray of supper. There is the suspicious and tentative withdrawal of a door before the unhappy book agent or peddler. There is the genteel and carefully modulated recession with which footmen swing wide the oaken barriers of the great. There is the sympathetic and awful silence of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking, implies that the doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in, very early in the morning — “It’s a boy!”