2019年教師資格證《初中英語》相關(guān)語法總結(jié)_第2頁

(6) 動名詞的兩種語態(tài):

　　主動式: doing, having done

　　被動式:being done, having been done.

　　① No one can avoid ______by advertisements.

　　A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence

　�、� Susan was very unhappy for not _______ to the party.

　　D. being influenced

　　A. to be invited

　　B. having been invited C. inviting

　　D. to have been invited

　　※動名詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面

　　版權(quán)所有 翻印必究

　　look forward to

　　be proud of

　　be responsible for

　　insist on

　　think of

　　hear of

　　dream of

　　object to

　　prevent…from

　　keep…from

　　stop…from

　　be engaged in

　　depend on

　　(渴望，盼望)

　　(以…為自豪)

　　(對……負(fù)責(zé))

　　(堅持)

　　(考慮，想到)

　　(聽說)

　　(夢想)

　　(反對，抗議)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(防止，阻止)

　　(從事于)

　　(依靠，依賴)

　　thank…for

　　excuse…for

　　aim at

　　devote…to

　　set about

　　be /get used to

　　be fond of

　　be afraid of

　　be tired of

　　succeed in

　　be interested in

　　be ashamed of

　　(因……而道謝)

　　(因……而道歉)

　　(目的在于)

　　(獻(xiàn)身于)

　　(著手做)

　　(習(xí)慣于)

　　(喜歡)

　　(害怕)

　　(對……厭煩)

　　(成功地做……)

　　(對……感興趣)

　　(對……感到羞愧)

　　四、主謂一致

　　l

　　習(xí)題演練

　　1. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.

　　A. is B. are C. were D. be

　　2. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.

　　A. are not preserved B. is not preserved

　　C. were not preserved D. have not been preserved

　　3. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.

　　A. were advancing B. were advanced C. was advancing D. was advanced

　　4. The president of the college, together with the deans, ______ planning a conference for the purpose

　　of laying down a series of regulations.

　　A. were B. are C. is D. has

　　5. Many a person ______ at the gate of the department store.

　　A. is standing B. are standing

　　C. have been standing D. have stood

　　6. Every means ______ tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.

　　A. is B. are C. has been D. have been

　　參考答案:ABACAC

　　l

　　重點總結(jié)

　　1.主謂一致的三大原則

　　(1)語法一致

　　主語和謂語動詞之間的一致關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)在”數(shù)”的形式上，即用作主語的名詞詞組中心詞

　　和謂語動詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致。

　　Few students are really lazy.

　　Every girl comes on time.

　　(2)意義一致

　　有時，主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系并非取決于語法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是取決于主語的

　　單、復(fù)數(shù)意義：比如有時主語在語法形式上并非復(fù)數(shù)，但有復(fù)數(shù)意義，隨后的動詞便用復(fù)數(shù);

　　反之，主語在語法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而在意義上可視為單數(shù)，隨后的動詞也用單數(shù)。

　　That group have the best ratings of individual performance.

　　Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.

　　(3)就近原則

　　有時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(主要指名詞)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，

　　這種一致關(guān)系所依據(jù)的原則叫做“就近原則”。

　　Neither Julia nor I am going.

　　2.特殊用法

　　(1)以并列結(jié)構(gòu)做主語的主謂一致問題

　　如果句子的主語是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，這種主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義往往會影響謂語動詞的形式。這種

　　主謂一致問題通常遵循以下規(guī)則：

　　由 and / both… and 連接的并列主語

　　如果做主語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)不是指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，而是表示單數(shù)意義，則動詞用單

　　數(shù)。

　　The secretary and treasurer is absent.

　　有一些帶連詞 and 的省略結(jié)構(gòu)形似單數(shù)，而意義為復(fù)數(shù)，隨后的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　What I say and think are no business of yours.

　　當(dāng) and 連接的并列名詞詞組帶有 each, every 時，隨后的動詞通常用單數(shù)。

　　Every boy and every girl likes this class.

　　由 or / nor / either… or 等連接的并列主語

　　由 or, nor, either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)做主語，隨后的動詞

　　形式通常按照”就近原則”處理。

　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.

　　My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.

　　主語+as much as 等

　　當(dāng)主語后面跟有由 as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引導(dǎo)從屬結(jié)構(gòu)時，隨后的

　　動詞形式依主語本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。

　　Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.

　　Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process.

　　主語+as well as 等

　　當(dāng)主語后面跟有由 as well as, in addition to ,with, along with ,together with ,except 等引導(dǎo)的詞

　　組時，其后的動詞形式也取決于主語本身的形式。

　　The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.

　　No one except two girls was late for dinner.

　　(2)以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組做主語的主謂一致問題

　　英語中有一些表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組。數(shù)量概念分為兩類：一類是確定數(shù)量，如 three

　　months, five kilos 等，另一類是非確定數(shù)量，如 all of… ,some of… ,none of… ,enough of… 等。

　　以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組做主語

　　當(dāng)主語為表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時，解決主謂一致問題有以下規(guī)則可循：

　　a. 如果數(shù)量概念被看作一個整體，動詞用單數(shù);如果被看作組成數(shù)量的個體，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Six months is too short a time.

　　There were five silver dollars in each of the stockings.

　　b. 如果做主語的名詞詞組是由”分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of-詞組”構(gòu)成，其動詞形式依 of-詞組中

　　名詞類別而定。

　　Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組做主語

　　a. 如果主語是 all of… , some of … , none of … , half of … , most of … 等表示非確定數(shù)量的

　　名詞詞組，其后的動詞形式依 of-詞組中的名詞類別而定。

　　Most of the members were there.

　　Some of the money has been stolen.

　　b. 如果主語是由”lots of, heaps of, plenty of ,an average of / a majority of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+

　　名詞”構(gòu)成，表示許許多多等概念時，隨后動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式也依 of-詞組中名詞類別而定。

　　Lots of people are waiting outside.

　　Plenty of the sugar is imported from Cuba.

　　c. 如果主語是由 “a portion of, a series of, a pile of , a panel of +名詞” 構(gòu)成，不管名詞類別為

　　何，動詞通常用單數(shù)。

　　A series of accidents has been reported.

　　d. 如果主語是由”many a +名詞”或”more than one +名詞”構(gòu)成，其意義雖屬多數(shù)，但隨后的

　　動詞仍遵循”語法一致”原則，用單數(shù)。

　　Many a man has done his duty.

　　e. 如果主語由”an average of / a majority of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，而且明確表示多數(shù)個體概念，

　　隨后的動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果這類主語不表示多數(shù)個體概念，則動詞用單數(shù)。

　　A majority of the town’s younger men are moving to the city.

　　An average of 25 applications a month is not unusual.