2019年教師資格證《初中英語》相關(guān)語法總結(jié)

學科知識必備

　　核心語法

　　核心語法部分的考試難點聚焦在：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞和主謂一致;三大從句：

　　名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句;以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：倒裝、強調(diào)、虛擬語氣和獨立

　　主格。本章將從詞法，句法和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)三個方面講解。

　　一、動詞時態(tài)

　　第一節(jié)

　　詞法部分

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　　習題演練

　　1. Our boss, Mr. Thompson, ______ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.

　　A. was promising B. has been promising

　　C. promised

　　D. has promised

　　2. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population ______ in cities rather

　　than in the country.

　　A. are living B. will be living

　　C. have lived D. will have lived

　　3. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything.

　　A. will arrive, is B. should arrive, were

　　C. arrives, will be D. arrives, would be

　　4. The train ______ when we hurried to the railway station.

　　A. has left B. left C. was left D. had left

　　5. You should have put the milk into the ice box, I expect it ______undrinkable.

　　A. became B. had become

　　C. has become D. becomes

　　6. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party?

　　— No, but I had hoped_____.

　　A. him coming B. that he comes C. that he would come D. that he had come

　　7. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ______ from practice and he gained

　　his experience by doing a lot of practical work.

　　A. was coming B. had come C. would come D. comes

　　8. The plane ______ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.

　　A. has left B. is to leave

　　C. will have left D. leaves

　　參考答案:BBCDCCDD

　　重點總結(jié)

　　1. �？嫉膭釉~時態(tài)和用法

　　【時態(tài)難點】

　　現(xiàn)在完成時

　　(1) 強調(diào)動作的影響

　　(2)強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)

　　(3)強調(diào)動作的次數(shù)

　　I have got married.

　　I have been married for 10 years.

　　I have attended weddings many times.

　　現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作從過去開始到現(xiàn)在，還在繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。

　　We have been taking her class for more than 10 hours.

　　過去將來完成時強調(diào)對過去的猜測或者是遺憾，責備。

　　If you had prepared earlier, you would have passed the exam.

　　2.一般將來時的特殊表達方式

　　二、動詞語態(tài)

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　　習題演練

　　1. It turned out that the children were not ______ for the accident.

　　A. to blame B. to be blamed

　　C. to be blaming D. blaming

　　2. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of

　　scientists of our time.

　　A. are to challenge B. may be challenged

　　C. have been challenged D. are challenging

　　3. The bridge ______at the moment, so we had to take another way.

　　A. had been repaired B. was repaired

　　C. would have been repaired

　　D. was being repaired

　　4. — What do you think of the book?

　　— Oh, excellent. It is worth ______a second time.

　　A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

　　5. ______good, the roast turkeys______ well.

　　A. Tasting, sell B. Tasted, are sold

　　C. They are tasting, sell D. They are tasted, sell

　　6. ______in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many original fun parks.

　　A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened

　　7. It is said that a new robot ______by him in a few days.

　　A. designed

　　C. will be designed

　　B. has been designed

　　D. will have been designed

　　8. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________in broad daylight yesterday.

　　A. to be robbed

　　C. robbed

　　參考答案:ACDCAACB

　　B. to have been robbed

　　D. having been robbed

　　重點總結(jié)

　　1. 被動語態(tài): 主語是動作的承受者：動詞形式如圖所示(以 make 為例)：

　　The Great Hall of People was built in 1959.

　　Your bicycle is being repaired.

　　The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in.

　　Your car is going to be mended in an hour.

　　2.不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況

　　(1) 所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中,因為沒有賓語可以做被動

　　語態(tài)的主語。

　　A funny thing happened in our school.

　　(2) 表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like,

　　consist of 等。

　　The room can hold 10 people.

　　This dress fits you very well.

　　(3) 表示歸屬的動詞，如 have, own, belong to, possess 等。

　　She hasn’t got blue eyes.

　　Our boss possesses great wealth.

　　(4) 表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。

　　We wish you a good journey.

　　You are wished a good journey by us. (wrong)

　　(5) 賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。

　　They help each other.

　　He taught himself English at the age of 50.

　　(6) 有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有 sell, taste,

　　smell, feel, sound 等

　　The book sells well. It tastes good.

　　(7) 賓語是主語(某人)身體的某一部分或器官的句子.

　　I cut my finger just now.

　　He shook his head.

　　He laid his hand on the table.

　　三、非謂語動詞

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　　習題演練

　　1. Setting up a committee might be a way ______ the project more efficiently.

　　A. to be doing B. doing C. to do D. being done

　　2. He forgot about ______him to attend my wife’s birthday party.

　　A. I asking

　　B. my asking C. me to ask

　　D. mine to ask

　　3. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ______ with other elements, most

　　commonly with oxygen.

　　A. being combined B. having combined C. to combine D. combined

　　4. More highways have been built in China, ______it much easier for people to travel from one place

　　to another.

　　A. making B. made C. to make D. having made

　　5. ______by the advances in technology, many housewives have set up small online businesses.

　　A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging

　　C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged

　　6. Please remain_____; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

　　A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated

　　參考答案:CBAACB

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　　重點總結(jié)

　　定義：非謂語動詞(Non-restrictive Verbs) 就是不用作謂語的動詞)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

　　包括動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞三種。需要注意的地方如下：

　　(1) 只接不定式，不能接動名詞作賓語的詞如下：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose,

　　decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, help, hesitate, hope, long(渴望)，manage, offer, plan,

　　prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish.

　　(2) 動名詞可做動詞的賓語和介詞的賓語。常見只接動名詞做賓語的動詞和短語如下：

　　admit, advise, allow, avoid, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine, keep,

　　keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, suggest.

　　(3) 現(xiàn)在分詞可以做時間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、伴隨狀語、方式狀語。

　　Having finished his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV. (時間狀語)

　　Living in the country, we had few amusements. (原因狀語)

　　We opened the window, letting the fresh air in. (結(jié)果狀語)

　　The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. (伴隨狀語)

　　Holding his head high, he walked past the enemies. (方式狀語)

　　(4) 一些現(xiàn)在分詞往往作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度和觀點。常見

　　的有 generally speaking, strictly speaking, roughly speaking, broadly speaking, narrowly speaking,

　　judging from/by (由...判斷)等。

　　(5) 過去分詞在句中作狀語表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨等，相當于一個狀語從句。

　　Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. (時間狀語)

　　If given more time, he could have done the work much better. (條件狀語)

　　The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing. (方式狀語)

　　The prisoners worked on the farm, watched by the guard. (伴隨狀語)