Passage 1

　　【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】當(dāng)受到攻擊的時(shí)候,人們往往都會(huì)還擊。動(dòng)植物也一樣。研究表明,當(dāng)植物受到害蟲(chóng)的攻擊時(shí),它們會(huì)釋放出一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)襲擊害蟲(chóng)。甚至還會(huì)發(fā)出某種香味來(lái)吸引這些害蟲(chóng)的天敵,以此來(lái)保護(hù)自己。

　　1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?

　　A.It makes noises.

　　B.It gets help from other plants.

　　C.It stands quietly.

　　D.It sends out certain chemicals.

　　答案　D

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“...send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant...”可知,當(dāng)植物受到襲擊時(shí),它們會(huì)釋放出某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

　　2.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?

　　A.The attackers get attacked.

　　B.The insects gather under the table.

　　C.The plants get ready to fight back.

　　D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.

　　答案　A

　　解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。前文說(shuō),有些植物釋放出一些難聞的化學(xué)物質(zhì)趕走害蟲(chóng),而另一些植物會(huì)釋放出一些香味吸引這些害蟲(chóng)的天敵。一旦這些天敵到達(dá),這些害蟲(chóng)就會(huì)受到攻擊,因此the tables are turned的意思是“攻擊者受到攻擊”,故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can 　　　.

　　A.predict natural disasters

　　B.protect themselves against insects

　　C.talk to one another intentionally

　　D.help their neighbors when necessary

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,研究表明,植物們能保護(hù)自己不受害蟲(chóng)的侵襲。

　　4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A.The world is changing faster than ever.

　　B.People have stronger senses than before.

　　C.The world is more complex than it seems.

　　D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判斷題。文章最后一段說(shuō),150多年前,達(dá)爾文曾經(jīng)設(shè)想一個(gè)更加忙碌,噪音更大的世界,它比我們所看到和聽(tīng)到的聯(lián)系更加親密。作者說(shuō),我們的感覺(jué)非常微弱,世界非常復(fù)雜。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

　　【長(zhǎng)難句分析】What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.

　　植物向空氣中輸送的是一種化學(xué)混合物,稱(chēng)為揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為VOCs。

　　本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,known as是動(dòng)詞-ed形式構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾chemicals。

Passage 2

　　【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本杰明·韋斯特從六歲時(shí)就表現(xiàn)出了繪畫(huà)的天分。沒(méi)有畫(huà)刷,他就從貓身上割下毛發(fā)自制畫(huà)刷。他的表兄被他的畫(huà)作所吸引,給他寄來(lái)了畫(huà)刷和顏料,這是他第一次使用畫(huà)刷和顏料繪制作品。當(dāng)本杰明九歲的時(shí)候,他的表兄帶他去了費(fèi)城,給了他繪制油畫(huà)的材料。大藝術(shù)家威廉·威廉姆斯被本杰明的畫(huà)作所吸引,給了他兩本古典繪畫(huà)圖書(shū),這兩本書(shū)成了他古典繪畫(huà)的啟蒙老師,促使他立志成為一名藝術(shù)家。

　　1.What is the text mainly about?

　　A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

　　B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

　　C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

　　D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意題。本文介紹了本杰明·韋斯特在六歲到九歲時(shí)對(duì)繪畫(huà)的熱愛(ài),他所面臨的問(wèn)題以及大藝術(shù)家威廉·威廉姆斯對(duì)他的影響及幫助,引導(dǎo)著他走上了藝術(shù)家的道路。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

　　2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

　　A.The cat would be closely watched.

　　B.The cat would get some medical care.

　　C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

　　D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線句是第三段的段首,其作用應(yīng)是引出本段的內(nèi)容。由上文可知,本杰明沒(méi)有畫(huà)刷就從貓身上割毛制作畫(huà)刷。畫(huà)線句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄給他帶來(lái)了畫(huà)刷和顏料。故畫(huà)線句子的意思應(yīng)該是與本杰明需要畫(huà)刷有關(guān),因此D項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

　　A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.

　　B.He provided him with painting materials.

　　C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

　　D.He taught him how to make engravings.

　　答案　B

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.”以及最后一段中的“In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知,表兄給本杰明提供了畫(huà)刷等繪畫(huà)材料來(lái)幫助他學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà),故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to 　　　.

　　A.master the use of paints

　　B.appreciate landscape paintings

　　C.get to know other painters

　　D.make up his mind to be a painter

　　答案　D

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知,這兩本書(shū)對(duì)他的影響更多的是在精神方面,而不是知識(shí)方面,這兩本書(shū)堅(jiān)定了他的夢(mèng)想,引導(dǎo)著這個(gè)九歲的男孩走上了繪畫(huà)的道路。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　【長(zhǎng)難句分析】While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.

　　雖然他對(duì)這些書(shū)不是很理解,但正是這些書(shū)把他引入了古典繪畫(huà)。

　　本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。while“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,it是形式主語(yǔ),that he...是主語(yǔ)從句。