2018年成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試模擬試題及答案（17）

　　A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used. Americans have little concern for “rank”, especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank; it makes them feel uncomfortable. Many Americans even find the terms “Mr.”, “Mrs” or “Miss” too formal. People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names. “Don’t call me Mrs Smith. Just call me Sally.” Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However, if you do not feel comfortable using only first names, it is quite acceptable to be more formal. Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone.

　　Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names: “ Mary Smith, this is John Jones.” In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady “Mary” or “Miss Smith”. Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names, and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead. You have a choice: if you don’t want to use first names so quickly, no one will think it impolite if you continue according to you own custom.

　　1. In the first paragraph the author tells us that

　　A. Americans do not talk about rank, especially socially

　　B. Americans feel uncomfortable when talking about rank

　　C. Americans tae interests in social customs

　　D. Americans don’t care much about social rank

　　2. According to the passage, most Americans feel when they are treated especially respectfully owing to their age or social rank.

　　A. sick B. sorry C. uneasy D. embarrassed

　　3. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

　　A. The way names are used in America is different from those of other countries.

　　B. Many Americans are used to being called by their first names.

　　C. It shows friendliness and kindness to use only first names.

　　D. When you talk to people in the United States, you have to use their first names.

　　4. If an American lady say “Don’t call me Mrs Smith, just call me Sally.” that shows

　　A. she is not a married woman

　　B. she prefers to be called “Sally”

　　C. she is not Mrs Smith

　　D. she likes to be more formal

　　5. The passage you’ve just read would most likely be found in a

　　A. guide-book for tourists

　　B. book about American history

　　C. notice

　　D. short story

　　PASSAGE 1

　　美國(guó)與其他國(guó)家社會(huì)習(xí)俗的一個(gè)顯著不同是名字的使用方式。美國(guó)人很少關(guān)注“級(jí)別”，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國(guó)人不想因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。很多美國(guó)人甚至認(rèn)為稱(chēng)呼“先生”、“女士”和“小姐”過(guò)于正式。他們無(wú)論年長(zhǎng)或者年少可能更愿意別人稱(chēng)他們的名字。“不要稱(chēng)呼我史密斯女士，就叫我薩利好了�！敝环Q(chēng)呼名字常常意味著友好和接納。但是如果只稱(chēng)呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑著說(shuō)過(guò)一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱(chēng)呼名字，但是第一次見(jiàn)面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱(chēng)呼。

　　通常介紹時(shí)會(huì)同時(shí)使用姓和名：“瑪麗·史密斯，這位是約翰·瓊斯�！痹谶@種情況下，你可以自由決定稱(chēng)呼這位女士“瑪麗”還是“史密斯小姐”。你們有時(shí)會(huì)以稱(chēng)呼對(duì)方的姓開(kāi)始交談，不久其中一人或兩人同時(shí)開(kāi)始稱(chēng)呼名字。你可以選擇：如果你不想這么快就稱(chēng)呼名字，沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)為你按照自己的習(xí)慣繼續(xù)稱(chēng)呼姓氏是不禮貌的。

　　答案解析：

　　1. D 第一段講道美國(guó)人很少關(guān)注“級(jí)別”，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國(guó)人不想因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D的意思最準(zhǔn)確、最符合原文。

　　2. C 第一段原文提到 多數(shù)美國(guó)人因其年長(zhǎng)或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬時(shí)會(huì)感到局促不安。所以選C。 “uncomfortable” 在本文中應(yīng)該理解為“局促不安的”(ill at ease; uneasy).

　　3. D 第一段結(jié)尾提到 如果只稱(chēng)呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑著說(shuō)過(guò)一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱(chēng)呼名字，但是第一次見(jiàn)面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱(chēng)呼。所以與美國(guó)人談話并不一定必須(have to)稱(chēng)呼名字。

　　4. B 從引文的上下文中可以推斷出 “Mrs. Smith”是比較正式的稱(chēng)呼，而美國(guó)人更喜歡直接稱(chēng)呼名字。所以選擇 B

　　5. A 本文主要介紹美國(guó)的社會(huì)習(xí)俗 — 社交場(chǎng)合的稱(chēng)呼，與歷史無(wú)關(guān)、不是通知的形式、更不是短篇小說(shuō)。所以最可能出現(xiàn)在旅游指南上。

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6-10 are based the following passage

　　Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Good’n Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now!”

　　The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed-new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.

　　The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with you legs crossed, with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.

　　6. According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?

　　A. Buses on the road.

　　B. Films on television.

　　C. Advertisements on the board.

　　D. Gas stations.

　　7. What is the purpose of this passage?

　　A. To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.

　　B. To persuade you to take a long bus trip.

　　C. To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.

　　D. To describe the billboards along the road.

　　8. The writer of this passage would probably favor

　　A. bus drivers who weren’t reckless

　　B. driving alone

　　C. a television set on the bus

　　D. no billboards along the road

　　9. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because

　　A. the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun

　　B. they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between

　　C. the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses

　　D. both traveling and watching TV are not exciting

　　10. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are

　　A. exciting B. comfortable C. tiring D. boring

　　PASSAGE2

　　乘坐長(zhǎng)途車(chē)就如同欣賞電視秀，有開(kāi)端、有情節(jié)、也有結(jié)尾，每隔三四分鐘插播商業(yè)廣告。商業(yè)廣告不可避免。無(wú)論是否需要，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。車(chē)窗外每幾分鐘就有商業(yè)廣告牌閃過(guò)�！百I(mǎi)超級(jí)清潔牙膏”、“喝個(gè)痛快就喝無(wú)醇飲料”、“充太平洋天然氣”。只有睡覺(jué)，如同關(guān)掉電視機(jī)，才能躲避無(wú)休止的叫喊“你需要這個(gè)!現(xiàn)在就買(mǎi)吧!”

　　旅程的開(kāi)始是舒適并且有些興奮的，即使曾經(jīng)走過(guò)那條路。通常一些事物有變化，新房子、新建筑、有時(shí)甚至新道路。司機(jī)有駕駛的風(fēng)格，在一開(kāi)始辨認(rèn)出這種風(fēng)格是一種樂(lè)趣。

　　如果司機(jī)橫沖直撞、敢于冒險(xiǎn)，旅程將如同懸念小說(shuō)一樣驚險(xiǎn)刺激。司機(jī)會(huì)恰好超過(guò)那輛卡車(chē)嗎?司機(jī)會(huì)開(kāi)左車(chē)道還是右車(chē)道?當(dāng)然，不久刺激感漸漸消失了。睡一會(huì)有助于度過(guò)旅途中間幾個(gè)小時(shí)。食物始終讓旅行更有趣味。但是要注意吃哪種食物。過(guò)于咸的食物能使你在站間非�？诳�。

　　旅行結(jié)尾與開(kāi)端有些相似。你知道旅程將很快結(jié)束，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種期待和興奮。座位一定隨著時(shí)間變得更加堅(jiān)硬�，F(xiàn)在你雙腿交叉著坐著，雙手交叉墊在腦后。旅程適時(shí)結(jié)束。恰好沒(méi)有其他坐姿了。

　　答案解析：

　　6、C 第一段中介紹了乘客在坐長(zhǎng)途車(chē)過(guò)程中所見(jiàn)的是廣告牌。 “the commercials”是“商業(yè)廣告”的意思;“billboard” 是“廣告牌”的意思，即 “advertisements on the board”。

　　7、 A 全文主要介紹作者對(duì)乘車(chē)長(zhǎng)途旅行的感受。

　　8、 D 第一段作者認(rèn)為“商業(yè)廣告不可避免”和“只有睡覺(jué)才能躲避廣告”，由此可以推斷出作者不喜歡沿途的廣告牌。

　　9、 B 根據(jù)文章第一段第一句和第二句“乘坐長(zhǎng)途車(chē)就如同欣賞電視秀，有開(kāi)端、有情節(jié)、也有結(jié)尾，每隔三四分鐘插播商業(yè)廣告”可知。

　　10、A 根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“旅程的開(kāi)始是舒適并且有些興奮的”和第三段第二句“你知道旅程將很快結(jié)束，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種期待和興奮”可知。

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage

　　No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.

　　All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.

　　I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, “a heightening of life, enjoyment with others”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life” It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies.

　　I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

　　11. According to the passage, to have a better understanding of a poem, the best way is

　　A. to discuss it with others

　　B. to analyze it by oneself

　　C. to hear it read out

　　D. to practice reading it aloud

　　12. The recitation of a poetry by the teacher or a student in the classroom

　　A. is the best way to understand it

　　B. easily arouses some discussion among the students

　　C. helps the teachers to analyse it

　　D. can not take the place of the poet reading it analyse

　　13. According to the author, one of the purposes of teaching English is getting students

　　A. to criticize life B. to like poetry

　　C. to enjoy life D. to teach poetry

　　14. What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

　　A. The teaching of poetry should have been much more stressed

　　B. The teaching of poetry is more important than the teaching of any other subject.

　　C. One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.

　　D. Poetry is the foundation of all languages and literature courses.

　　15. The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by

　　A. “build a booth” B. “provide equipment”

　　C. “l(fā)eave a certain amount of time” D. “set aside enough space”

　　PASSAGE 3

　　在教師或者學(xué)生朗讀之前，絕不應(yīng)該討論或者“分析”詩(shī)歌。朗讀兩次大概更好，一次在討論開(kāi)始時(shí)，另一次在結(jié)尾，這樣人們最后聽(tīng)到的是詩(shī)歌的朗誦。

　　事實(shí)上，討論詩(shī)都是為朗讀做準(zhǔn)備，并且讀詩(shī)最終是對(duì)詩(shī)歌最生動(dòng)有效的詮釋?zhuān)�同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)調(diào)、節(jié)奏和意義。顯而易見(jiàn)，傾聽(tīng)詩(shī)人讀自己的作品，無(wú)論是錄音還是錄像，都會(huì)帶來(lái)特別的收益。但是即使教學(xué)輔助設(shè)備也無(wú)法取代學(xué)生和教師朗讀詩(shī)，最好能夠背誦。

　　我想到事實(shí)上如果時(shí)間有限，朗讀詩(shī)的重要性遠(yuǎn)大于“分析”詩(shī)。我認(rèn)為作為英語(yǔ)教師，我們的目標(biāo)之一是使學(xué)生熱愛(ài)詩(shī)歌。詩(shī)是“生活的批判”、“生活的升華，與他人的共享。”詩(shī)是“通往真實(shí)情感的道路”，“能夠拯救生命”。在語(yǔ)言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中，詩(shī)也理應(yīng)占據(jù)比現(xiàn)在更重要的位置。

　　我并不是說(shuō)每位英語(yǔ)教師必須教授詩(shī)歌。己所不欲，勿施于人。但是教授詩(shī)歌者必須牢記一些關(guān)于詩(shī)歌本質(zhì)、聲音和感覺(jué)的知識(shí)，也必須在課堂留出聆聽(tīng)和思考的時(shí)間。

　　答案解析：

　　11、D 第一段第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)朗讀詩(shī)應(yīng)置于討論和“分析”之前，第二段第一句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)討論詩(shī)都是為朗讀做準(zhǔn)備，并且朗讀詩(shī)最終是對(duì)詩(shī)歌最生動(dòng)有效的詮釋。第三段第一句也強(qiáng)調(diào)朗讀詩(shī)的重要性遠(yuǎn)大于“分析”詩(shī)。因此，朗讀、討論、分析三者比較，練習(xí)朗讀詩(shī)是能夠更好的理解詩(shī)的最好方式。

　　12、A 第二段最后一句講即使教學(xué)輔助設(shè)備也無(wú)法取代學(xué)生和教師朗讀詩(shī)，最好能夠背誦。由此可以推斷出背誦是理解詩(shī)的最好方式。

　　13、B 第三段講我認(rèn)為作為英語(yǔ)教師，我們的目標(biāo)之一是使學(xué)生熱愛(ài)詩(shī)歌。所以答案是熱愛(ài)詩(shī)。

　　14、A 第三段最后一句在語(yǔ)言和文學(xué)教學(xué)中，詩(shī)也理應(yīng)占據(jù)比現(xiàn)在更重要的位置。所以應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)詩(shī)歌教學(xué)。應(yīng)選A 注： “stress” 是“強(qiáng)調(diào)”的意思 (To place emphasis on; emphasize)

　　15、C “make room for” 本意是“為……騰出空位”。此處應(yīng)理解為在課上安排時(shí)間聆聽(tīng)和思考詩(shī)歌，即 “l(fā)eave a certain amount of time”之意。