四、閱讀理解(共15小題;每題3分，共45分。)

　　閱讀下列短文，然后根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從每小題的四個選擇項中選出最佳的一項。

　　A

　　I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.

　　Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed (解散). As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible (負(fù)責(zé)任) for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized (強調(diào)) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating (欺騙) themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously (認(rèn)真地) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.

　　Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl’s test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadn’t talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued (繼續(xù)) to believe that I had cheated on the test.

　　36. The story took place (發(fā)生) exactly .

　　A.in the teacher’s office

　　B.in an exam room

　　C.in the school

　　D.in the language lab

　　B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第二句話和第三句話可知，故事發(fā)生在考試進(jìn)行期間，故選B。

　　37.The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because .

　　A.she had not brought a pen with her

　　B.she had lost her own on her way to school

　　C.there was something wrong with her own

　　D.her own had been taken away by someone

　　C 推理判斷題。由第一段倒數(shù)第二句話可知，她的筆壞了。

　　38.The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy .

　　A.to go on writing his paper

　　B.to stop whispering

　　C.to leave the room immediately

　　D.to stay behind after the exam

　　D 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句話可知，考完試后，老師讓他留下(stay in the room)。

　　39.The thing(s) emphasized in her talk was (were) .

　　A.honesty

　　B.sense of duty

　　C.seriousness

　　D.all of the above

　　A 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句話可知，老師反復(fù)強調(diào)的就是誠實(honesty)。

　　B

　　People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June.

　　Mother’s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honor mothers. She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation (康乃馨).

　　In 1909, Mrs. Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Father’s Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to established Father’s Day as a national commemorative (紀(jì)念性的) day, in 1972.

　　These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.

　　These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead.Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.

　　40.Who plays the most important role in Father’s Day becoming a national commemorative day?

　　A.Mrs. Do.

　　B.Margaret Chase Smith.

　　C.Ann Jarvis.

　　D.Woodrow Wilson.

　　B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三段最后一句話可知，是參議員史密斯于1972年幫助把父親節(jié)推廣為全國性節(jié)日的。

　　41.From the passage, we know in the U.S. .

　　A.one should wear a red carnation if one’s mother pass away

　　B.on Mother’s Day, families often go out to have barbecues

　　C.on Father’s Day, people often stay at home to celebrate the special day

　　D.The purpose to have these two special days is to show love to parents

　　D 推理判斷題。由第一段可知，美國人民以兩個特殊的日子向父母表示敬意,這便是每年五月第二個星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個星期日的父親節(jié)。

　　42.The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to .

　　A.call on people to love and respect their parents

　　B.introduce Mother’s Day and Father’s Day

　　C.tell the difference between Mother’s Day and Father’s Day

　　D.show how important fathers and mothers are

　　B 主旨大意題。通讀文章可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，寫這篇文章的目的是介紹母親節(jié)和父親節(jié)。

　　C

　　When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group. This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

　　Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.

　　The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循環(huán)系統(tǒng))because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.

　　The main benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”

　　43.Doctors .

　　A.encourage people to take part in cold-water swimming actively

　　B.point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming

　　C.believe swimming is helpful both in winter and in summer

　　D.have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming

　　D 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段可知，醫(yī)生對冬泳的醫(yī)療作用有不同的觀點。一些醫(yī)生認(rèn)為冬泳時體溫降得太低，容易使心臟停止跳動，另一些醫(yī)生認(rèn)為在夏季游泳更容易導(dǎo)致心臟病。

　　44.According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that .

　　A.you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue

　　B.cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter

　　C.cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

　　D.Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water

　　B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段第三句可知，有些醫(yī)生認(rèn)為夏季氣溫和水溫差別大，游泳時易發(fā)生心臟病，而冬季游泳卻相反。

　　45.The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round, for .

　　A.they can remain young

　　B.it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter

　　C.they find it enjoyable and interesting

　　D.they might meet fewer troubles in life

　　C 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從第四段第二句可知,冬泳愛好者一年四季都游泳，這樣他們感到快樂和輕松。

　　46.The passage is mainly about .

　　A.a group of cold-water swimming lovers

　　B.the Polar Bears’ life in New York

　　C.doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming

　　D.the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

　　A 主旨大意題。本文講述了冬泳愛好者的一些情況。

　　D

　　The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plague that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mails dropped from airplanes.

　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors, such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.

　　47.The author gave us examples to support his argument.

　　A.3

　　B.4

　　C.5

　　D.6

　　C 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的兩個例子(愛斯基摩人和北極地區(qū)的例子)和第二段的 3 個例子(第一次世界大戰(zhàn)、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)和志愿者)可知, 作者共舉了5個例子來支持他的觀點。故選C。

　　48.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

　　B.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.

　　C.Colds are not caused by cold.

　　D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.

　　A 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段第三句話可知，關(guān)于感冒為何在冬季更流行這一問題，科學(xué)家給出的一個解釋是：人們在寒冷的天氣比其他時候更容易在屋里待在一起，這就使得感冒病毒更容易傳播。由此可知，人們得感冒不是因為喜歡待在家里，而是因為經(jīng)常待在一起使病毒更容易感染。故選A。

　　49.Arctic explorers may catch colds when .

　　A.they are working in the isolated arctic regions

　　B.they are coming into touch again with the outside world

　　C.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather

　　D.they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions

　　B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句話中可知，在偏僻北極地區(qū)，探險者與外界的感染者接觸后才會感冒。故選B。

　　50.Volunteers who take part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit .

　　A.never caught colds

　　B.often caught colds

　　C.suffered a lot

　　D.became very strong

　　C 推理判斷題。由第二段第四句話和第五句話可知，洗過熱水澡后，志愿者穿上游泳衣，待在涼水里，然后在通風(fēng)的房間里站著讓身體晾干;一些人要一整天穿著濕襪子，一些人要在雨里鍛煉至筋疲力盡。由此可以推斷，志愿者要遭受極大的痛苦。故選 C。