Passage Three?

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists envision the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory (分子運動論), in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.?A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If cet6w.com the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.?Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henry Poincare said:“ Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”? Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.?

　　In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When cet6w.com confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.?

　　31.What is NOT true about a theory??

　　A) A useful theory can explain past observations.?

　　B) A useful theory helps to make predictions.?

　　C) A theory is the truth that does not need to be tested.?

　　D) A theory may have to be revised or rejected sometimes.?

　　32.Science involves ____.?

　　A) imagination and creative thinking?

　　B) collecting information?

　　C) performing experiments?

　　D) all of the above?

　　33.The key point of the quotation from Jules Henry Pincare is that ____.?

　　A) facts are the most important things?

　　B) building a house is like performing experiments?

　　C) science is more than a collection of facts?

　　D) a pile of bricks can not be called a house?

　　34.In Paragraph 4, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ____.?

　　A) evaluate previous work on a problem?

　　B) formulate possible solutions to a problem?

　　C) gather known facts?

　　D) close an investigation?

　　35.In Paragraph 5, the author refers to a hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” in order to show that hypotheses ____.?

　　A) go beyond available facts?

　　B) are sometimes ill-conceived?

　　C) can lead to dangerous results?

　　D) require efforts to formulate?

　　內(nèi)容概要: 本文闡述了科學理論的定義、特征和科學家是如何提出科學理論的�？茖W理論是對相關(guān)觀察對象的合理解釋，此外它還能預測未來。所有的理論都需要驗證�？茖W家要提出新理論，首先要了解其他科學家對某一問題已經(jīng)獲得的成果，然后提出假設(shè)，假設(shè)需要想象力和創(chuàng)造力，是向未知世界的飛躍。最后，科學家必須驗證假設(shè)，使其成為理論。?

　　31.【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】下列關(guān)于理論的說法不對的是：理論是真理，不需要檢驗。?

　　【試題分析】綜合判斷題。?

　　【詳細解答】文中第二段第二句話：“After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory”，一個理論公開提出后，科學家設(shè)計實驗來驗證理論，由此可見，C)是錯誤的說法。A)有用的理論可以解釋過去的觀察結(jié)果，B)有用的理論可以作預測，D)理論有時侯需要修改或可能被舍棄，這幾種說法都可以在原文中找到，都是關(guān)于理論正確的闡述，所以它們都不是本題的正確答案。?

　　32.【答案】D。?

　　【譯文】科學必須包含以下各種要素：想象力、創(chuàng)造性思維、搜集信息、做實驗。?

　　【試題分析】綜合判斷題。?

　　【詳細解答】原文第三段第一句話：“Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments”，科學既包含想象力和創(chuàng)造性思維，也包含搜集信息和做實驗。由此可見，答案A)、B)、C)都只說了一個方面，只有答案D)最全面。?

　　33.【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】Jules Henry Pincary的引言的主要意義是：科學不僅僅是收集事實數(shù)據(jù)。?

　　【試題分析】細節(jié)考察題。?

　　【詳細解答】在原文第三段可以找到Pincare的引言：“Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house”，就象房子由磚塊砌成一樣，科學是由事實數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建而成的，但一堆事實數(shù)據(jù)不能就叫做科學，正如一堆磚頭不能算是房子。因此，答案C)是正確的。答案A)事實數(shù)據(jù)最重要、答案B)造房子就象做實驗跟原文不符，答案D)一堆磚頭不能叫房子并不是這段引言的要點，它只是用來打比方說明科學和事實數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系的。?

　　34.【答案】B。?

　　【譯文】在第四段中，作者指出當科學家制定問題的解決方法的時候想象力最重要。?

　　【試題分析】細節(jié)考察題。?

　　【詳細解答】第四段中的第二和第三句話是：“After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated”，收集事實數(shù)據(jù)后的一步需要想象力，在這一步，制定可能的解決問題的方法，所以正確答案是B)。答案A)當評價前人工作的時候、C)收集事實數(shù)據(jù)的時候、D)結(jié)束調(diào)查的時候都與原文不符。?

　　35.【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】第五段中，作者將假設(shè)稱之為向未知世界的飛躍，這是為了說明假設(shè)超越了已知的事實數(shù)據(jù)。?

　　【試題分析】詞組理解題。?

　　【詳細解答】根據(jù)下文的一句：“It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts”，它使科學家的思維延伸，超出了已知的事實數(shù)據(jù)，所以正確答案是A)。答案B)假設(shè)有時侯考慮不周，C)能帶來危險的后果都與原文不符，答案D)提出假設(shè)需要付出努力跟“向未知世界的飛躍”這個詞組無關(guān)。