That will hurt. Publication in such Premier-league journals is the stuff careers are built on. But it will also hurt the journals themselves. Their prestige is based on their ability to pick and publish only the best. If some work is out of bounds to them, no matter how good it is, that will diminish their quality. And if other patrons of science follow suit, those journals’ businesses could begin to crumble. Moreover, by actively directing the beneficiaries of its patronage towards the repository in question, set up last year by the Wellcome Trust (after Gates, the world’s second-largest medical-research charity), the foundation is pointing to a specific type of alternative—and to a future for scientific publication that, if not completely journal-free, is likely to be at least, “journal-lite”.

　　這項(xiàng)政策將會(huì)造成負(fù)面影響，因?yàn)樵谶@些頂級(jí)期刊上發(fā)表研究成果事關(guān)很多人的職業(yè)發(fā)展。而且，這些期刊自身也會(huì)受到影響。這些期刊之所以聲名卓著是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌騼?yōu)中選精，只刊登最頂尖的科研成果。如果有些成果不合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，無(wú)論內(nèi)容再好也不予刊登，因?yàn)槟菚?huì)降低刊物的水準(zhǔn)。如果其他的科研贊助者紛紛效仿該基金會(huì)的做法，這些期刊將會(huì)面臨經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況堪憂(yōu)的局面。除此之外，通過(guò)積極引導(dǎo)受資助者將其研究成果放入維康信托基金會(huì)去年建立的資料庫(kù)(該信托基金是僅次于比爾和梅林達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)的世界第二大醫(yī)療慈善機(jī)構(gòu))，蓋茨基金會(huì)為科研成果發(fā)布提供了一個(gè)新的具體渠道，也指明了其未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向，即便做不到完全擺脫期刊，至少也要“減少對(duì)期刊的依賴(lài)”。

　　One criticism, in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments, is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work. Journals, in other words, should have no cover or subscription price. A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long. Months—sometimes years—can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish, and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments. That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary, and thus slows down the progress of science. Third, though this is less easy to prove, many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors’ papers, or, conversely, that cabals of mates scratch each others’ backs, review-wise.

　　當(dāng)今世界，多數(shù)非商業(yè)性科研活動(dòng)都是由政府資助的。因此，有人就認(rèn)為既然用納稅人的錢(qián)搞科研，那么查閱相關(guān)研究成果就不應(yīng)再另行付費(fèi)。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，期刊不能明碼標(biāo)價(jià)或收取訂閱費(fèi)。還有人認(rèn)為論文發(fā)表耗時(shí)太長(zhǎng)，一名滿(mǎn)懷希望的科研人員找到一家愿意為其發(fā)表論文的期刊后，還要等待同行評(píng)審以及溝通修改論文內(nèi)容，這個(gè)過(guò)程短則數(shù)月，長(zhǎng)則數(shù)年。這樣一來(lái)，其他科研人員也就無(wú)法及時(shí)了解這些新的科研成果，科學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐也由此放緩。此外，盡管更難佐證，但是許多研究人員懷疑競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手有時(shí)利用同行匿名評(píng)審來(lái)推遲自己的論文發(fā)表時(shí)間，或者認(rèn)為有些研究人員之間結(jié)黨營(yíng)私，搞小動(dòng)作，在同行評(píng)審時(shí)相互給予方便。

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