ON JANUARY 1st the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science. It brought into force a policy, foreshadowed two years earlier, that research it supports (it is the world’s biggest source of charitable money for scientific endeavors, to the tune of some $4bn a year) must, when published, be freely available to all. On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that it will pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely available papers.
1月1日，比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會啟動實施了一項兩年前就開始醞釀的政策，這或許有助于改變科學界的一個慣例。按照該政策，該基金會贊助的科研項目(比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會是全球科研贊助規(guī)模最大的慈善基金會，每年資助額度高達40億美元左右)必須將公布的科研成果提供給各方無償使用。3月23日，比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會又發(fā)表聲明稱，將出資把此類科研成果納入一個專門的免費科研論文庫。
To a layman, this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking. But the crucial word is “freely”. It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for. No pay walls. No journal subscriptions. That is not a new idea, but the foundation’s announcement gives it teeth. It means recipients of Gates’ largesse can no longer offer their wares to journals such as Nature, the New England Journal of Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since reading the contents of these publications costs money.
對圈外人來說，這種做法似乎既無爭議也無創(chuàng)新。但是，重點在于“免費”二字。期刊雜志如果刊登由蓋茨基金會贊助的科研論文不得另行收費，不得設置付費門檻，也不得收取訂閱費。雖然這并不是什么創(chuàng)新的想法，但是該基金會在聲明中還是明確了其約束力。這意味著蓋茨基金會的受捐者不得再向《自然》、《新英格蘭醫(yī)學期刊》或《美國國家科學院院刊》等收費期刊投稿。
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