2014年5月翻譯資格英語三級筆譯實務真題及答案

　　【Section 1】 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese.

　　As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.

　　Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.

　　The New York Times

　　Mineral deposits may offer job opportunities for Narsaq.

　　As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.

　　“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”

　　But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.

　　Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.

　　One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals — essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.

　　This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.

　　“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominent labor union leader.

　　But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insular settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity — the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?

　　“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”

　　The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.

　　Already, winter pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding families, is becoming hazardous or impossible.

　　It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.

　　But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.

　　Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.

　　“For me, I wouldn’t mind if the whole ice cap disappears,” said Ole Christiansen, the chief executive of NunamMinerals, Greenland’s largest homegrown mining company, as he picked his way along a proposed gold mining site up the fjord from Nuuk, Greenland’s capital. “As it melts, we’re seeing new places with very attractive geology.”

　　The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T. Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s mining bureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”

　　The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.

　　Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.

　　“This is huge; we could be mining this for the next 100 years,” said Eric Sondergaard, a geologist with the Australian-owned company Greenland Minerals and Energy, who was on the outskirts of Narsaq one day recently, picking at rocks on a moon-like plateau rich with an estimated 10.5 million tons of rare earth ore.

　　That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.

　　“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.

　　Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,” he said.

　　But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenland, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”

　　【參考譯文】

　　那薩克，格陵蘭島—伴隨著皮艇港的冰山在融化的過程中發(fā)出嘶嘶的響聲，這座偏僻的北極小鎮(zhèn)以及它的文化也由于氣候變化正在消失。

　　由于蝦蟹都逃往北部更寒冷的地區(qū)，那薩克最大的雇傭者，一家蝦廠幾年前倒閉了。這里曾經(jīng)有八艘商業(yè)部漁船，現(xiàn)在只剩下一艘了。

　　紐約時報

　　礦藏可能會為那薩克當?shù)鼐尤颂峁┚蜆I(yè)機會。

　　因此，作為格陵蘭島南部的主要城鎮(zhèn)之一，這里的人口在短短十年間銳減一半，僅有1500人了。自殺率也正在上升。

　　“捕魚業(yè)是這個小鎮(zhèn)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，”63歲的漁民漢斯·卡斯佩森說，“很多人失去了生計�！�

　　但是，雖然逐漸升高的氣溫正在顛覆格陵蘭島傳統(tǒng)的生活，氣溫升更也為這個只有5.7萬人的國家提供了有趣的新機遇—這種機遇可能在那薩克有為明顯。

　　由于格陵蘭島廣袤的冰蓋逐漸消融，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的新礦藏和寶石，這為潛在利潤巨大的采礦業(yè)奠定基礎。

　　全球最大的稀土金屬礦藏之一就位于那薩克城外部不遠處，稀土金屬是生產(chǎn)手機，風力漩渦機以及電動汽車必不可少的原料。

　　這對于格陵蘭島來說具有深遠意義。長時間以來，格陵蘭島一直依賴其母國丹麥每年撥付的5億美元維持運行。采礦業(yè)所得的利潤能夠幫助格陵蘭島在經(jīng)濟上自給自足，從而使它成為第一個因氣候變暖而成立的主權國家。

　　知名工會領袖維圖斯·奎奧基茨克說：“我們的目標之一就是取得獨立�！�

　　然而，要把一個由個體漁民和獵人組成的社會轉變成一個以企業(yè)采礦業(yè)為支柱的經(jīng)濟體，也引發(fā)了一些難題。格陵蘭島上與世隔絕的定居點如何承受計劃招來的數(shù)千名的波蘭或者中國的建筑工人?采礦業(yè)會不會破壞格陵蘭島國家形象—鯨、海豹、寂靜的冰川海灣，以及神秘的北極熊所必不可缺的自然環(huán)境?漁民能夠把自身重塑成礦工么?

　　“我認為采礦業(yè)將是我們的未來希望所在，但這是一個艱難的過程，”格陵蘭住房與基礎設施部長、副總理真斯·B·佛雷德利克森說，“這并不是一個人人都贊成的計劃。這將涉及到傳統(tǒng)，駕船的自由以及家庭職業(yè)�！�

　　北極的變暖速度比地球上其他任何地方都要快，而迅速融化的冰川引起了科學家對于海平面上升的警覺。過去的十五年中，格陵蘭島東北部年均增長溫度已經(jīng)達到了4.5度，科學家預言，到本世紀末，這的地區(qū)氣溫將升高14到21度。

　　在許多地區(qū)，冬天覆蓋在峽灣的浮冰已經(jīng)無法承載拉雪橇的狗以及摩托雪橇了。冬季捕魚是為很多家庭提供食物的重要手段，現(xiàn)在卻變得很危險，甚至不可能了。

　　格陵蘭島地下蘊藏著巨大的礦藏這一點久為人知。幾十年來，丹麥政府已經(jīng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地繪制了這些礦藏的分布圖。參與過曼哈頓計劃的丹麥核物理學家、諾貝爾獎得主尼爾斯·玻爾曾在1957年造訪納薩克，原因是這里有鈾礦藏。

　　但是之前采礦的嘗試大都失敗了，這證明在嚴酷的環(huán)境下采礦，成本高昂�，F(xiàn)在，氣候變暖改變了這一狀況。

　　負責對開發(fā)熱潮進行管理的格陵蘭島礦產(chǎn)與石油管理局目前發(fā)放的有效礦產(chǎn)勘探證有150份，而十年前僅有20份。去年，各企業(yè)對礦藏開發(fā)的投資共計1億美元，有幾家公司正在申請對新礦藏開發(fā)建設的許可證，這些新礦蘊藏著金、鐵、鋅和稀土。也有一些外國公司在勘探近海石油。

　　“就我個人而言，我不介意整個冰蓋消失，”格陵蘭島最大的本地采礦公司NunamMinerals的首席執(zhí)行官奧勒·克里斯蒂安森說，他正從格陵蘭島的首都努克沿著峽灣前往一處潛在的金礦開采地�！半S著冰蓋融化，我們將看到地貌特征更引人入勝的新地形。

　　在格陵蘭礦務局負責許可證發(fā)放的官員約爾根·T·哈梅肯-霍爾姆表示，1990年倒閉的黑天使鉛鋅礦正申請今年重新開礦。她說：“因為冰川正在消退，可以開礦的地方更多了。”

　　格陵蘭島政府希望采礦能夠帶來新的稅收。2009年，丹麥允許格陵蘭實行自治，并且凍結了它每年的補助。根據(jù)安排，在未來幾年，補助金額將進一步減少。

　　在那薩克當?shù)�，一片房屋涂著鮮亮的顏色，不遠處就是壯觀的下完，兩家外國公司正向格陵蘭政府申請采礦。

　　澳大利亞所有的格陵蘭礦產(chǎn)和能源公司的地質(zhì)學家埃里克·桑德高前不久說，““這里礦藏巨大，我們在未來100年里都會在這里采礦。當時，他正在納薩克郊外一個月亮型的高原上反復檢查巖石，這個高原估計蘊藏1050萬噸稀土礦。

　　由于臨近礦藏，采礦業(yè)的發(fā)展為這里提供了及業(yè)績換，公司已經(jīng)開始教一些年輕人鉆孔和英語了，英語是采礦作業(yè)使用的國際語言。他計劃建造一座加工廠和一座新港口，還打算多修些公路。(目前格陵蘭島居民點之外還沒有公路)。那薩卡的小型機場之前由于交通量不足而瀕臨倒閉，如今將要擴建。一個當?shù)氐姆繓|正盤算著把一處閑置的公寓樓改造成旅館。

　　在丹麥的一所大學中讀書的學生杰斯珀·斯科羅德家在那薩克，他說：“會有很多外地人來，由于格陵蘭文化一直以來都是孤立的，這將是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　他依舊支持開礦，希望這能夠提供工作機會，遏止草率的自殺，尤其是他的同齡人的自殺;格陵蘭是世界上自殺率最高的地區(qū)之一。他說，“生活在這種文化的人如果不能夠為家里做出貢獻，就不愿意成為家庭的負擔�！�

　　然而，并不是所有人都想想采礦能夠帶來好處。在當?shù)亟?jīng)營一個家庭旅館的羅特婭·羅德高說，“當然，采礦業(yè)有助于本地經(jīng)濟，會幫助整個格陵蘭，但我不確定它是否對我們有利。我們擔心的是自然環(huán)境的損失。