2017年翻譯考試初級筆譯模擬題：中國會接受生態(tài)旅游嗎
【英譯漢】
Can China Embrace Ecotourism?
The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".
Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chosen to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.
Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has seen no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to set up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little use in starting their own businesses.
Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically self-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.
However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impressed by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its households must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.
Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist — and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously seen as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.
Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chinese attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.
Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from those of farms which use chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ease of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sightseeing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.
The vast majority of Chinese people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the course of government-funded research, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chinese people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itself; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.
This attitude among tourists is responsible for the unusually slow growth of China's eco-tourism sector. Faced with consumers unwilling to get too close to nature, the tourist industry ignores areas like Yushi. Since only a tiny minority of Chinese people is willing to appreciate the beauty of Yushi, people often turn to high-spending foreign tourists - but this is also a hope too far. Discerning foreign tourists are also on the decline, while the number of tourists who travel simply to indulge themselves is increasing. Travelers who go abroad to learn and share experiences are being replaced by narrow-minded tourists who are only interested in consumption. Tourists are choosing the holiday that involves the least effort, and China's ecotourism sector is suffering as a result. Sichuan's Wanglang Nature Reserve is a haven for giant pandas. Since1996, Peking University professor and panda expert, Lu Zhi, has been promoting ecotourism to the area. But the lack of dramatic scenery and the need to spend time outdoors in order to see the pandas mean that Wanglang still lacks the number of visitors it deserves. The same could be the case in Yunnan. So when we complain about ecotourism operators failing to attract visitors, perhaps we should take some time to consider the visitors themselves - because if a tourist is unwilling to become an ecotourist, then any amount of careful planning and good intentions will be wasted.
【參考譯文】
中國會接受生態(tài)旅游嗎?
玉石村位于中國西南云南省藍坪自治鄉(xiāng)內。這里的村民都是普米族，盡管許多當?shù)厝撕喎Q自己是“土著人”。
玉石人對自己的文化傳統(tǒng)引以為豪，他們重視對當?shù)丨h(huán)境的保護。這里百分之九十以上的面積為森林覆蓋，當?shù)鼐用裆钪绻麄兣c公路網(wǎng)聯(lián)通，他們的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他們脆弱的文化就可能會在強大的外界影響下受到威脅3。多年來，他們選擇與世隔絕，希望建立起強大、健康的社區(qū)后再對外開放。
政府的支持對于建立強大的社區(qū)是至關重要的，然而玉石村一直沒有政府工程和扶貧工作。一些村民曾試圖建立一些可持續(xù)發(fā)展項目。，但都失敗了。目前，最大的希望是農(nóng)村信用合作社7的小額貸款項目。然而，農(nóng)民們申請2000元(US $253)人民幣的貸款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他們得到的只有1600元(US $202)。為了償還貸款，他們就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12個月。村民們認為貸款對他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)于事無補。
一些村民認為種植收益可觀的藥草和長期小額貸款相結合是解決經(jīng)濟困難的途徑。他們盤算著籌措40萬元(US $50，602)資金將使村子在五年后在經(jīng)濟方面自給自足。但是或許還有另一條出路，即：生態(tài)旅游。
然而，村子并不具備游客期望的設施條件，如干凈的盥洗室、洗衣設備與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。旅游專家曾考察過這里，對當?shù)鬲毺氐奈幕铜h(huán)境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想從生態(tài)旅游中獲益，那么村子和村民們必須做出改變，來滿足當今游客苛刻的標準。
旅游是一種可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的雞，用當?shù)氐姆椒ㄅ胫�，擺在饑餓的游客面前，就會看到其價值大幅上升。同樣，玉石綿延的山脈，先前曾是運輸和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的障礙，如果村民們能夠吸引來游客，就會價值連城。
在云南，有許多地方都在增加收入的同時，尋求保護環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)文化的途徑，而這幾乎總是意味著生態(tài)旅游是唯一的選擇。但如果村子的條件得不到改善，許多游客就不會來，因為多數(shù)中國城市居民對鄉(xiāng)村生活近乎恐懼。骯臟雜亂、蚊子肆虐、簡陋的廁所以及不明的價格意味著許多理想的生態(tài)旅游區(qū)域無法吸引游客。
云南首家官方認可的有機農(nóng)場"位于首府昆明遠郊。幾年來，農(nóng)場一直處于虧損狀態(tài)，因為消費者無法把他們的產(chǎn)品和那些使用化肥和栽培轉基因作物農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)品區(qū)分開來。同樣，游客很少考慮他們目的地的質量，他們只想要交通便利、風景美麗的地方。對于許多人來說，旅游不過是觀光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活質量。
絕大多數(shù)中國人對觀賞自然不感興趣，更不要說花錢來觀賞自然。有些人是迫于參加政府資助的研究，但當項目經(jīng)費用完，很少人還會繼續(xù)下去。享受未經(jīng)開發(fā)的環(huán)境，對中國人來說并不是天經(jīng)地義的事。我們喜歡看有關自然的畫，而不是大自然本身，喜歡一尊木雕佛像，而不是走進樹木生長的森林;讓我們的孩子呆在教室里接受有關荒野的教育，而不是帶他們去親身體驗自然。
游客的這種態(tài)度是中國生態(tài)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展異常緩慢的原因。消費者不愿過于接近自然，所以旅游業(yè)忽視了像玉石村這樣的地區(qū)。由于很少中國人愿意欣賞玉石村的美，人們通常寄希望于出手闊綽的外國游客，但是這一希望也很渺茫。有鑒賞能力的外國游客人數(shù)也在下降，而只想放縱一下自己的游客卻在增加。到國外學習、分享經(jīng)歷的游客正在被那些縱情消費、心胸狹窄的游客所取代。
游客青睞輕輕松松的假日，中國的生態(tài)旅游因此遭受重創(chuàng)。四川王朗自然保護區(qū)是大熊貓的庇護所。自1996年以來，北京大學教授、熊貓專家呂植一直在推動該地區(qū)的生態(tài)旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊貓必須呆在戶外，使得王朗沒能得到應有的游客。26云南大概也是同樣的情況。
因此，在抱怨生態(tài)旅游運營者沒能吸引游客的時候，我們也許應該花點時間想想游客本身，因為如果游客不愿成為生態(tài)旅游者，那么再多的精心籌劃和良好意愿都是徒勞的。
