浙江省2010年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試

外科學(xué)（二）試題

課程代碼：06823

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分)

在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無(wú)分。

1.等滲性缺水時(shí)血清鈉含量(      )

A.增高                                                               B.降低

C.無(wú)明顯變化                                                     D.隨尿量而變

2.低鉀血癥，是指血清鉀濃度低于(      )

A.3.5mmol/L                                                       B.4.5mmol/L

C.5.5mmol/L                                                       D.6.5mmol/L

3.休克是機(jī)體對(duì)(      )

A.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能劇烈變化的反應(yīng)                         B.外周血管阻力下降的反應(yīng)

C.有效循環(huán)血量減少的反應(yīng)                                D.血壓急驟下降的反應(yīng)

4.確定腫瘤診斷的可靠依據(jù)是(      )

A.超聲檢查                                                        B.CT檢查

C.病理學(xué)檢查                                                     D.內(nèi)窺鏡檢查

5.顱內(nèi)壓增高的典型表現(xiàn)是(      )

A.頭痛、嘔吐、意識(shí)障礙                                   B.頭痛、嘔吐、視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫

C.心率加快、血壓升高、呼吸不規(guī)則                  D.偏癱、失語(yǔ)、視力障礙

6.乳腺癌早期表現(xiàn)為(      )

A.乳房脹痛和包塊                                              B.乳頭溢液

C.乳房多發(fā)腫塊                                                 D.乳房單發(fā)小腫塊

7.某男，56歲，因2個(gè)月來(lái)咳嗽、偶見(jiàn)痰中帶血、可疑肺癌，首先應(yīng)做的檢查是(      )

A.X線檢查                                                         B.支氣管鏡檢查

C.痰液細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查                                              D.胸水細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查

8.中晚期食管癌癥狀是(      )

A.咽下食物梗噎感                                              B.胸骨后燒灼樣、針刺樣疼痛

C.進(jìn)行性咽下困難                                              D.咽下食物停滯感或異物感

9.急性腹膜炎的標(biāo)志性體征是(      )

A.腹脹、腹式呼吸減弱或消失                            B.腹部壓痛、腹肌緊張和反跳痛

C.腸鳴音減弱或消失                                          D.移動(dòng)性濁音

10.診斷胃癌的重要手段是(      )

A.腹部超聲檢查                                                 B.腹腔鏡檢查

C.CT掃描                                                          D.X線鋇餐和纖維胃鏡加活組織檢查

11.各種類型腸梗阻的共同表現(xiàn)是(      )

A.腹痛、便秘及腸鳴音亢進(jìn)                               

B.腹痛、腹脹及腸鳴音減弱

C.腹痛、腸型及腸蠕動(dòng)波                                  

D.腹痛、嘔吐、腹脹及停止自肛門排氣排便

12.高位小腸梗阻的特點(diǎn)是(      )

A.嘔吐發(fā)生早而頻繁                                          B.嘔吐出現(xiàn)晚而次數(shù)少

C.腹脹明顯                                                        D.嘔吐物呈糞樣

13.急性闌尾炎腹痛的特點(diǎn)為(      )

A.先有惡心、嘔吐后出現(xiàn)右下腹絞痛                  B.先有發(fā)熱、腹瀉后出現(xiàn)右下腹痛

C.突然上腹劇痛迅速波及右下腹劇痛                  D.轉(zhuǎn)移性右下腹痛

14.急性闌尾炎最常見(jiàn)的重要體征是(      )

A.右下腹壓痛                                                     B.腹膜刺激征象

C.結(jié)腸充氣試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性                                          D.腰大肌試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性

15.肛管、直腸癌最重要的診斷方法是(      )

A.大便隱血試驗(yàn)                                                 B.直腸指診

C.X線鋇劑灌腸檢查                                           D.直腸鏡檢查

16.排便習(xí)慣與糞便性狀改變，首先應(yīng)做的檢查是(      )

A.大便常規(guī)檢查                                                 B.直腸鏡檢查

C.直腸指診                                                        D.直腸腔內(nèi)超聲檢查

17.有助于原發(fā)性肝癌早期診斷的檢查是(      )

A.血清堿性磷酸酶測(cè)定                                       B.放射性同位素肝掃描

C.X線鋇餐造影檢查                                           D.甲胎蛋白（AFP）檢測(cè)和B超檢查

18.診斷膽道疾病首選的檢查方法是(      )

A.超聲檢查                                                        B.CT檢查 

C.PTC                                                                D.ERCP

19.急性梗阻性化膿性膽管炎治療原則是(      )

A.立即解除膽道梗阻并引流                                B.應(yīng)用大劑量有效抗生素

C.糾正水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿失衡                            D.盡量非手術(shù)治療，避免急診手術(shù)

20.前列腺增生癥的早期癥狀是(      )

A.排尿困難                                                        B.尿頻，夜間更明顯

C.血尿                                                               D.尿潴留