III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. （20%）

31. Language is the carrier and ______of culture.

32. Each language represents a ______of meaning that is different from any other such systems.

33. English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ______meaning before peripheral meaning.

34. In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their______ names.

35. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of______.

36. In American English, the letters “er” in the word “clerk” are pronounced as______.

37. Nonverbal communication is communication without______.

38. ______that alludes to a woman of breathtaking beauty is derived from one of the Shakespeare’s plays.

39. “His life contained a lot of sorrow” illustrates the metaphor that “Life is a ______.”

40. Questions like“Are you married or single?”,“What’s your religion?”,are inappropriate because they are related to______, an important part of individualistic culture. 

IV. Answer the following questions briefly.（12%）

41. In English speaking countries, what does “crossing one’s finger” mean?

42. How is the allusion “an Oliver Twist” used in English?

43. Why are both “你” and “您” equivalent to “you” in English?

44. Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar? 

V. Translation.（18%）

45. 牛皮紙

46. 這是禿子頭上的虱子，明擺著：他戀愛了。

47. Homer sometimes nods.來自www.Examw.com

48. It is very cold here in winter.

49. Glorious Revolution is the term given to the overthrow （1688-1689） of James II and the proclamation of William III and Mary II as the joint sovereigns.

50. Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is “as far as possible do not harm.” 

VI. Discuss the following topics.（20%）

51. Discuss the cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese thanks.

52. What are honourifics? And what are the cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese honourifics?

（自考真題暫不提供答案）