Part II: Cloze (20×0.5%=10%)

Directions: In the following passage there are 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to   41   enough sleep and helping adolescents feel   42   the world, a new study reported.   43   sleep among youngsters, according to the study, may    44   depression and suicidal thoughts.

“Our results are   45   with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for   46  , working with other risk and protective factors   47   multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this   48   disorder,” said lead author James Gangwisch. “Adequate quality sleep could   49   be a preventative measure against depression and a   50   for depression,” he added.

The study followed the   51   habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and found those who consistently went to bed after midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10∶00 pm. Night owls also ran a 20 percent higher risk of   52   suicidal thoughts.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that adolescents   53   sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10∶00 pm reported they slept

  54   about eight hours and 10 minutes. But that amount of sleep dropped   55   for those in bed after midnight. And   56   who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more likely to   57   depression and 48 percent more at risk of becoming suicidal.

It is a societal expectation that adolescents do not need as much sleep as preadolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may actually   58   more sleep. Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed early enough to   59   for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be associated with significant sleep   60  .

(    )41. A. get                  B. getting                 C. be getting              D. have got

(    )42. A. at the top of     B. to the top of         C. on the top of        D. on top of

(    )43. A. Lack of           B. Plenty of              C. An amount of        D. A lack in

(    )44. A. trickle              B. trigger                  C. strip                    D. trim

(    )45. A. cooperative       B. constant               C. consistent             D. comprehensive

(    )46. A. depression       B. frustration            C. indignation           D. opposition

(    )47. A. with                B. for                       C. through                D. under

(    )48. A. mood              B. sense                   C. brain                    D. body

(    )49. A. but                  B. also                     C. still                      D. therefore

(    )50. A. protection        B. treatment              C. research               D. direction

(    )51. A. daily                B. nightly                 C. weekly                 D. monthly

(    )52. A. conflicting       B. struggling             C. crashing               D. battling

(    )53. A. might              B. would                  C. should                 D. could

(    )54. A. at least             B. in detail                C. on average           D. by nature

(    )55. A. largely             B. significantly          C. chiefly                 D. unusually

(    )56. A. adults              B. adolescents           C. infants                 D. lads

(    )57. A. erupt               B. encounter              C. suffer                  D. submit

(    )58. A. request            B. require                 C. appeal                   D. plead

(    )59. A. compensate      B. complement          C. compliment          D. compromise

(    )60. A. syndrome        B. evolution              C. deprivation           D. compassion