Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best answer.
Passage One
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied their victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researchers organized an experimental tournament (錦標(biāo)賽) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referee was moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
61. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_______.( )
A.set a standard for football referees
B.reexamine the rules for football referees
C.analyze the causes of errors made by football referees
D.review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
62.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.( )
A.quite unexpected
B.a high as in a standard match
C.slightly above average
D.higher than in 1998 World Cup
63. The findings of the experiment show that _______.( )
A.errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
B.the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
C.the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
D.errors are more likely when keeps closer to the ball
64. The word “official” (Line 2, Para 4) most probably refers to_______.( )
A.the researchers involved in the experiment
B.the referee of the football tournament
C.the observers at the site of the experiment
D.the inspectors of the football tournament
65. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?( )
A.Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee
B.A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible
C.The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45
D.An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition
