全國2014年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試
現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題
課程代碼：00830
請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上。
選擇題部分
注意事項：
1．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考試課程名稱、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。
2．每小題選出答案后，用2 B鉛筆把答題紙上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在試題卷上。
Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% × 10=20%)
1. The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages well illustrates the ________ nature of language.
A. cultural B. dual
C. productive D. arbitrary
2. In English the two sounds [p] and [ph] are ________.
A. a minimal pair B. allophones
C. two phonemes D. in phonemic contrast
3. The word “decentralize” contains ________ morphemes.
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
4. A ________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,” “but,” “or.”
A. simple B. complicated
C. coordinate D. complex
5. The sentence “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” is a typical example of violation of ________.
A. speech act theory B. principles of conversation
C. selectional restrictions D. grammatical rules
6. The illocutionary point of the ________ is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said.
A. expressives B. commissives
C. declaratives D. representatives
7. ________ separated the period of Middle English from that of Modern English.
A. The revival of Latin as a literary language
B. Shakespeare’s plays and Milton’s poems
C. European military invasion
D. European renaissance movement
8. The following are the syntactic features of Black English EXCEPT ________.
A. systematic use of “it is” instead of “there is”
B. frequent absence of various forms of “be”
C. use of double negation constructions
D. absence of subject
9. ________ has a strikingly different view from the other three on language and thought.
A. Plato B. Aristotle
C. Watson D. Bloomfield
10. ________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language as a primary means of communication in his or her own community.
A. Instrumental B. Functional
C. Integrative D. Social
非選擇題部分
注意事項：
用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題紙上，不能答在試題卷上。
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word on the ANSWER SHEET, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10% )
11. Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g., English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies l in general.
12. Speech sounds can be initially classified into two broad categories: vowels and c .
13. The suffix -er in the word “taller” is an i morpheme.
14. Apart from sentences and clauses, a syntactic category usually refers to a word or a phrase that performs a particular g________ function.
15. In terms of componential analysis, the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called s ________ features.
16. The u meaning of a sentence varies with the context in which it is said.
17. In general, linguistic change in the sound system and the v of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar
18. The non-prestige variety in diglossia is called the l variety.
19. Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the l hemisphere of the brain.
20. In children’s prelinguistic stage, the first recognizable sounds are described as c , with velar consonants such as /k/ and high vowels such as /u/ usually present.
Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.
Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET for each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. Human language is not only genetically transmitted, but also culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically transmitted.
22. In broad transcription, the word “build” is transcribed as [bild].
23. Different words have to use the same affix in order to create the same meaning change.
24. Language is a highly structured system of communication. Sentences are both linearly and hierarchically structured.
25. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.
26. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle in the late 50’s of the 20th century.
27. Syntactically, the verb of a sentence in Old English precedes, rather than follows, the subject.
28. The term pidgin originated from the pronunciation of the English word “business” in Chinese Pidgin English.
29. The language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.
30. The rate and ultimate success in SLA only depend on learners’ experience with optimal input and instruction.
Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)
31. competence
32. phone
33. stem
34. simple sentence
35. synonymy
36. conversational implicature
37. back-formation
38. language planning
39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
40. Krashen’s acquisition
V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10% ×2=20%)
41. Please illustrate with example(s) the difference between compounding and derivation.
42. Please explain dichotic listening tests with example(s).
