2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：形容詞和副詞
四.形容詞和副詞
I. 形容詞：
1. 形容詞的位置：
1) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況后置：
|
1 |
修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí) |
nobody absent, everything possible |
|
2 |
以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后 |
the best book available, the only solution possible |
|
3 |
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 |
the only person awake |
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4 |
和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí) |
a bridge 50 meters long |
|
5 |
成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置 |
a huge room simple and beautiful |
|
6 |
形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置 |
a man difficult to get on with |
2) 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序：
|
代詞 |
數(shù)詞 |
性狀形容詞 | ||||||||
|
冠詞前的形容詞 |
冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞 代詞所有格 |
序數(shù)詞 |
基數(shù)詞 |
性質(zhì) 狀態(tài) |
大小 長(zhǎng)短 <形狀 |
新舊 溫度 |
顏色 |
國(guó)籍 產(chǎn)地 |
材料 質(zhì)地 |
名詞 |
|
all both such |
the a this another your |
second next |
one four |
beautiful good poor |
large short square |
new cool |
black yellow |
Chinese London |
silk stone | |
3) 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：
|
1 |
形容詞+名詞+ed |
kind-hearted |
6 |
名詞+形容詞 |
world-famous |
|
2 |
形容詞+形容詞 |
dark-blue |
7 |
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 |
peace-loving |
|
3 |
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 |
ordinary-looking |
8 |
名詞+過(guò)去分詞 |
snow-covered |
|
4 |
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 |
hard-working |
9 |
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed |
three-egged |
|
5 |
副詞+過(guò)去分詞 |
newly-built |
10 |
數(shù)詞+名詞 |
twenty-year |
II. 副詞
副詞的分類(lèi)：
|
1 |
時(shí)間副詞 |
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently |
5 |
頻度副詞 |
always, often, frequently, seldom, never |
|
2 |
地點(diǎn)副詞 |
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above |
6 |
疑問(wèn)副詞 |
how, where, when, why |
|
3 |
方式副詞 |
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really |
7 |
連接副詞 |
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile |
|
4 |
程度副詞 |
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather |
8 |
關(guān)系副詞 |
when, where, why |
III. 形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。
1. 同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.
2. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.
5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型：
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
，我們將會(huì)及時(shí)處理。
