一、概述
賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。
主句是復(fù)合句的主體,從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分,它從屬于主句,不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分,就叫什么從句。賓語從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語。
簡單句She knew the teacher(賓語)復(fù)合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(賓從)
二、賓語從句
語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:
1)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
2)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
3)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西.
I don't know which belongs to my father.
4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。