綜合

　　閱讀： 考古學(xué)家對(duì)于埃及大金字塔內(nèi)部shaft的用途提出了三種理論。

　　1、ventilation theory:第一種理論認(rèn)為shafts用于通風(fēng)。建造金字塔的工人點(diǎn)火照明時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生煙霧，因此shafts是用來(lái)幫助通風(fēng)。

　　2、star alignment theory:第二種理論認(rèn)為shafts是對(duì)應(yīng)星星的位置而被建造的�？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)shafts的位置和某些星星的位置對(duì)應(yīng)。在古埃及，人們認(rèn)為特定的星星代表特定的神靈。

　　3、Religion theory: 第三種理論認(rèn)為shafts是為了幫助國(guó)王的靈魂抵達(dá)后世。因?yàn)楣虐＜叭讼嘈潘廊��?guó)王的靈魂會(huì)離開(kāi)身體進(jìn)入后世，所以shafts可能是靈魂前往后世的通道。

　　聽(tīng)力： 閱讀中的三個(gè)理由都是不對(duì)的，沒(méi)有人知道shafts被建造的真正目的。

　　1、通風(fēng)理由是不成立的，因?yàn)橹挥猩蠈拥膬蓚�(gè)shafts才能通到外墻，而底下的兩個(gè)是通不到外墻的，所以它們無(wú)法注入新鮮空氣。而4個(gè)shafts的結(jié)構(gòu)相似，作用應(yīng)該是一樣的，如果只有2個(gè)可以通風(fēng)的話，那么通風(fēng)理論是不成立的。

　　2、星星理論也是不成立的，因?yàn)楣虐＜叭顺缟刑囟ㄐ切菍?duì)應(yīng)特定的神，這是在埃及王朝后期才出現(xiàn)的，而金字塔建造的時(shí)間很早，那個(gè)時(shí)候還沒(méi)這種說(shuō)法，所以不成立。

　　3、幫助國(guó)王靈魂通往后世也不成立，因?yàn)樵趧e的金字塔里也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的symbolic passageway,但是是一堵actual wall,這說(shuō)明古埃及人相信國(guó)王的靈魂能穿越墻面，所以不需要這樣的shafts來(lái)幫助靈魂前往來(lái)世，所以不成立。

　　獨(dú)立

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to read or watch the news presented by people whose views are different from your own or presented by people whose views are similar to your own?

　　Sample Answer:

　　When we open a webpage and scan the contents on it, it is easily for us to realize that there are always some people standing beside us while others remain against. Some people prefer to totally ignore the ideas opposite from theirs because they find them to be stupid and annoying information. However, in my opinion, it is usually beneficial for us to input some views different from us. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.

　　To begin with, opinions varying from our own thoughts can sometimes help open up our minds. As we all know, when facing with a puzzle, methods delivered by one person are often limited, for one cannot acquire knowledge of various subjects during his short lifetime. Thus makes accepting ideas from others essential during the process of dealing with tough questions. For example, when I was still a college student, I once needed to write a paper of Freud’s theory. I chose dream interpretation as my topic and started my writing. Unfortunately, I stuck half way when I wrote almost 2000 words. The thing making me in a dilemma was I suddenly realize that my paper was just a copy of psychoanalysis theory and hardly contained anything original because I was a faithful follower of these masters. Luckily, several days before the deadline, I read through some ideas from a group of anti-psychoanalysis scholars. They proposed that some of Freud’s theory cast an over-pessimistic view on human nature and rejected the theory that people were all animal-like beings motivated by basic needs. These comments gave me inspirations to study Freud’s theory from a brand new perspective. In this case, listening to those opposite views indeed help me to finish my academic task.

　　Moreover, the ability to detect and understand other people’s ideas is precious and sometimes even necessary in some kinds of jobs. Individuals majoring in marketing, media, or several kinds of service industry especially need this skill. Collecting and accepting various opinions may be regarded as a necessity if they want to have a successful career life. Take the mobile phone sales as an example. Working staff with a high sales volume are always the ones good at finding and responding to customers’ needs. In contrast, some sales person lacking this ability probably find it very tough to promote items to their customers. When a young lady steps into the store and expresses that she would like to buy a mobile phone with high-definition camera, salesclerk who is good at accepting other’s ideas will immediately hand her the one she likes, while some stubborn ones may recommend her to try their newest type repeatedly regardless of her special demand for the camera. Reading through news different from our own can exercise our ability to understand other’s thoughts, which may lead to the future benefits in our career.

　　To sum up, it is essential for us to receive some opinions distinguished or totally opposite from our standing point. It can not only help us to broaden our mind and deliver some useful ideas, but also to effectively catch other people’s needs and would be favor of some jobs related to marketing.