Task 1

　　If a foreign friend is going to visit your hometown and doesn’t know what to pack, what suggestions do you have for him?

　　Task 2

　　Some teachers let students choose topics that interest them on research papers. Others assign topics on research papers. Which one do you prefer?

　　Task 3

　　The student suggests that the university should create a special website for student musicians due to two reasons. The first reason is that it will be easier to get in touch with people who share the same interests with them. The second reason is that it will be a convenient way to post information about concerts and events. In the conversation, the woman agrees with the suggestion. In the first reason, she mentions that she started a band with some of her friends and they always practice together, but they’re missing a good drummer in the band. If there was a website like this, it would be much easier for them to find a drummer for their band. As for the second reason, the woman points out that there are few people there when she goes to campus concerts and stuff because people don’t know about these events, this website could help people stay updated about music-related events on campus.

　　Task 4

　　In the lecture, the professor talks about the concept of signal redundancy which means animals will send the same message with different types of finals to inform other animals of the same species. He offers us an example to illustrate it. Deer sometimes graze together and once in a while one of the deer will go off and eat on its own. When this deer sees a predator like a lion coming, it will raise its tail as a signal to alert the other deer so that they have a chance to run away from the area. But when the other deer miss this signal, this particular deer will instead stomp on the ground to make noise. And when other deer hear this noise, they will run away to a safer area.

　　Task 5

　　The woman’s problem is that she got injured while playing basketball but she has an important game coming up. There are two possible solutions for him. The first one is to join the game anyway. And second solution is to take a rest and give herself some time to recover. If I were in her shoes, I’d go for the second solution because with the proper treatment she will be able to recover pretty soon and I’m sure there are a lot of other opportunities for her in the future. I personally don’t recommend the other solution because it will definitely make her injury worse and may even cause long-term muscle injury. It’s just not worth it to give up her health for this one game. That’s why in this case I think the second solution is a much smart option.

　　Task 6

　　In the lecture, the professor talks about two advantages fire brought for early humans. The first one is that it increased the efficiency of hunting. Fire made it possible for them to make better stone tools. For instance, they used to heat stones to a high temperature which then chipped the stones into sharp blades. These tools helped early humans hunt much more effectively than before. The second advantage is that it improved the early human’s diet. For instance, humans used to eat raw vegetables and they were difficult to digest. But if they cooked these potatoes on fire, they could take in much more calories and their life quality was improved by fire too.