2018托福綜合寫作話題解析:生態(tài)學(xué)篇
寫作是新托福考試四項(xiàng)中相對來說比較好容易得分的一項(xiàng),但是事實(shí)證明大部分考生并不能考出滿意的成績,究其原因應(yīng)該是綜合寫作失分嚴(yán)重,而導(dǎo)致綜合寫作難以提分的原因主要是聽力細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取不夠準(zhǔn)確或完整。
所以,怎么才能快速高效地提高綜合寫作聽力信息提取的能力?
這個問題一直是托福綜合寫作的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。其實(shí),最根本的方法是提高聽力的能力。提高聽力能力不僅對綜合寫作有很大益處,對于而言也有很大幫助。
然而,這個方法需要考生有足夠的備考時間,有足夠的聽力練習(xí)。對于一些時間緊張的同學(xué)而言,這個方法就顯得不夠現(xiàn)實(shí)。
當(dāng)然,另一種方法:根據(jù)閱讀材料的內(nèi)容猜測聽力信息,也是綜合寫作教學(xué)中經(jīng)常被采用的方法。這個方法簡單,但是對于聽力細(xì)節(jié)信息的獲取肯定是不夠準(zhǔn)確的,所以不夠靠譜。
個人認(rèn)為,了解相關(guān)話題的詞匯和背景知識對于考生們把握聽力信息是極為重要的。很多學(xué)生在考前的備考某種程度上是存在一定的誤區(qū)的,他們認(rèn)為TPO 從頭到尾刷一遍就可以了,事實(shí)上刷題是有必要的,但是刷題的重點(diǎn)是要總結(jié)和歸納,找出考試規(guī)律和考點(diǎn)。
下面,我將以綜合寫作中的生態(tài)類話題為例跟大家分析一下新托福綜合寫作備考中話題詞匯和背景知識的重要性和運(yùn)用,相信能夠幫助考生們在有效的時間內(nèi)科學(xué)地突破它們。
生態(tài)類話題真題
在TPO 的題目中,最具有代表性的生態(tài)類話題分布在TPO 14,TPO 18,TPO 20,TPO 21,TPO 23 和TPO 26,它們分別研究的是:樹木回收性砍伐的好處、佛羅里達(dá)榧樹的保護(hù)、大火給森林帶來的損害、轉(zhuǎn)基因樹的好處、雪松數(shù)量減少、斑馬貝的入侵。例如(閱讀--- 聽力):
TPO 14:回收性砍伐的好處
1. make room for the growth of the new trees---deprive the soil of the nutrients produced during the process of decomposition
2. minimize the danger of insect infestation---some insects are great contributors to the health of the forest
3. provide usable wood by industries and create additional jobs for local people---transportation of these woods is expensive and the jobs provided are temporary
TPO 18:佛羅里達(dá)榧樹減少的解決方案
1.reestablish Torreya in the same location
with the coolest and dampest microclimate---the microclimate is strongly influenced by either global warming or the drained wetlands
2.move Torreya to an entirely different location---Torreya will threaten other rendangered species
3.preserve Torreya in research center---the research center can not ensure a large and genetically-diverse population of the Torreyatrees, which means the trees are not capableof resisting the disease
TPO 20:Let it burn policy 帶來的危害
1. damage the trees as well as the vegetation---there appears to be a biggerdiversity for the plants
2.bring negative effects to the wildlife---small animals like the rabbits and hares are more likely to inhabit in the ideal place
3.do harm to the local tourism, negatively contributing to the economy---only if it happens every year would it be a problem for tourism
從上面的考察點(diǎn)結(jié)合閱讀與聽力的內(nèi)容,我們給考生們總結(jié)了生態(tài)類話題的考點(diǎn)設(shè)置:
從單詞的層面上
物種名稱詞匯( 植物):plant / cedar / plankton / Terroya tree / wild berry / organism / black locust tree
物種名稱詞匯(動物):wildlife / insect / beetle / bear / mussel / hare / rabbit / shellfish
涉及棲息地詞匯:habitat / dwell / inhabit / habitat / bottom / wetland
生物鏈涉及詞匯:food chain / plankton eater/ predator / parasite / disease / infestation / infest / pest-resistant / resist / dominate / reproduce / germinate / nutrient
關(guān)于物種入侵:wipe out / crowd out / be aggressive / invade / invasion / colonize / compete for
表示物種數(shù)量的下降:decline / descend / shrink / extinct / endangered / minimize / devastate / destroy
科學(xué)技術(shù)層面的單詞:genetic modification / genetictechnology / genetically –diverse / geneticallymodified / uniform / gene / pesticide
常出現(xiàn)在綜合寫作閱讀和聽力部分的考點(diǎn)
生物減少原因:
Environment: temperature / climate change / global warming
Technology: genetically-modified plants /pest-unresistant / uniform in genes
Invasion: compete for nutrient/ infestation / parasite / predator
生物保護(hù)方法:
Environment: temperature / climate change / relocation
Technology: research center
防止生物擴(kuò)散的方法:
Biological introduction: predator
Human activities: capture (financially beneficial) / chemical control (poison / pesticide)
以上的總結(jié)并不能完全對應(yīng)目前新托福綜合寫作的生態(tài)話題考點(diǎn),更要注意一些新的考點(diǎn),尤其是TPO 套題中所沒有涉及的。