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　　Nighttime noise pollution -- in particular the din of traffic -- in urban areas puts city residents at risk for disrupted sleep and annoyance, researchers report.

　　Such chronic sleep disturbance could lead to serious health consequences, includingincreased risk for heart attack and high blood pressure, according to the new study. In addition, nighttime noise can also lead to poor sleep quality, which can cause morning tiredness and insomnia.

　　In conducting the study, the researchers examined noise pollution in Atlanta, and thesurrounding communities in Fulton County, Ga. This area has a high-density road network, which includes Interstate Highway 285.

　　The study utilized the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Noise Model to produce road traffic noise maps for both day and night. The investigators also collected data on the speed and volume of traffic in the area to estimate traffic noise exposure and the percentages of the local population that would be highly annoyed or have high levels of sleep disturbance.

　　"Our research estimated that the percentage of the overall populations at risk of high annoyance is 9.5 percent, and highly disturbed sleep at 2.3 percent," study co-investigator James Holt, of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a CDC news release.

　　The study revealed the most densely populated cities in Fulton County were most affected by noise. Atlanta, Sandy Springs and Alpharetta contributed to 79 percent of people annoyed by the noise in Fulton County. Meanwhile, Atlanta, Sandy Springs, and Roswell contributed to 78 percent of sleep disturbance.

　　The researchers also estimated that just over 11 percent of the daytime population and nearly 4 percent of the nighttime population of the smaller city of College Park were at risk for experiencing annoyance or sleep disturbance. Of those at risk, 68 percent of those at risk for annoyance and 64 percent of those at risk for sleep disturbance lived by I-285.

　　The researchers noted that noise could affect a greater number of people living in more densely populated cities.

　　"We believe it is time to begin extensive traffic-related noise research and establish up-to-date policies to control and abate noise problems for our communities," said Holt. "Adequate restful sleep and mental well-being are as essential to good health as adequate nutrition and physical activity. Assessing and alleviating environmental noise is an essential element for improving or creating healthy communities where adults and children can play, work and live."

　　The study was published in the October issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

　　While the study suggested an association between nighttime noise exposure and health risks, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

　　-- Mary Elizabeth Dallas

　　新托福寫作范文素材適用題目：

　　People should live in the city or country all life instead of moving to another place.

　　新托福寫作范文素材重點搭配和句子摘抄：

　　Nighttime noise pollution : 夜間噪音污染

　　din of traffic ：交通噪音

　　puts city residents at risk for disrupted sleep and annoyance：

　　居民有被打擾睡覺和煩惱的風險

　　chronic sleep disturbance ：慢性睡眠障礙(紊亂、異常)

　　lead to serious health consequences：導(dǎo)致嚴重的健康后果

　　increased risk for heart attack and high blood pressure：增加心臟病和高血壓的風險

　　lead to poor sleep quality：導(dǎo)致糟糕的睡眠質(zhì)量

　　cause morning tiredness and insomnia：導(dǎo)致早上無力、失眠

　　noise pollution ：噪音污染

　　surrounding communities ：周圍的社區(qū)

　　a high-density road network：非常密集的公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)

　　collected data on the speed and volume of traffic ：手機關(guān)于交通速度和流量的數(shù)據(jù)

　　would be highly annoyed or have high levels of sleep disturbance：

　　非常惱怒、高度的睡眠障礙

　　the most densely populated cities ：人口非常密集的城市

　　contributed to ：導(dǎo)致

　　experiencing annoyance or sleep disturbance:體驗惱怒和睡覺障礙

　　We believe it is time to begin extensive traffic-related noise research and establish up-to-date policies to control and abate noise problems for our communities.

　　我們相信是時候開始進行大規(guī)模的交通引起的噪音的研究，為社區(qū)建立最新的控制并減少噪音的政策。

　　Adequate restful sleep and mental well-being are as essential to good health as adequate nutrition and physical activity. Assessing and alleviating environmental noise is an essential element for improving or creating healthy communities where adults and children can play, work and live.

　　足夠的安靜睡眠和心理健康跟足夠的營養(yǎng)和身體活動對健康同等重要。

　　an association between nighttime noise exposure and health risks：晚間噪音的接觸和健康的風險直接的關(guān)系

　　did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship：不能證明有因果關(guān)系