They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. (TPO26, 50)

　　waxy /'wæksɪ/ adj. 蠟色的，蠟狀的

　　pore /pɔː/ n. 氣孔，毛孔

　　shed /ʃed/ vt. 使(某物)脫落 剝落;使(某物)流出

　　大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy leaf surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season). (TPO26, 50)

　　托福閱讀長難句100句分析：

　　這個句子的主干部分就是：

　　They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced

　　注意后面并列了3個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)：by means of…, by the closure of .., and bythe rolling up…

　　修飾一：(through the leaves)，介詞，修飾loss of water

　　中文：經(jīng)過葉子

　　修飾二：(by means of dense hairs)，介詞

　　中文：通過的濃密的絨毛

　　修飾三：(covering waxy leaf surfaces)，非謂語動詞，修飾haris

　　中文：覆蓋在蠟質(zhì)葉子表面

　　修飾四：(by the closure of pores)，介詞短語

　　中文：關(guān)閉氣孔