These include conducting vessels that transport water and minerals upward from the roots and that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body and the stiffening substance lignin, which support the plant body, helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight. (TPO25, 47)

　　vessel /'ves(ə)l/ n. 船(尤指大船)，艦;容器, 器皿;管狀結(jié)構(gòu)，血管，導(dǎo)管

　　photosynthetic /ˌfəutəsin'θetik/ adj. 光合作用的

　　stiffen /'stɪfn/vt. (使某物)變得(更加)堅(jiān)硬﹑僵硬

　　lignin /'lɪgnɪn/n. ‘化學(xué)’木質(zhì)素

　　大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

　　These include conducting vessels (that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) and (that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) and the stiffening substance lignin, (which support the plant body), (helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) (TPO25, 47)

　　修飾一：(that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels

　　中文：從根部向上運(yùn)輸水與礦物質(zhì)

　　修飾二：(that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels，注意其中有個(gè)from to的介詞短語(yǔ)，從葉子到植物體的其余部分

　　中文：從葉子向植物體內(nèi)其余各部分運(yùn)輸光合作用產(chǎn)物

　　修飾三：(which support the plant body) ，從句，修飾substance lignin

　　中文：維持植物體的生命

　　修飾四：(helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　中文：有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽(yáng)光之下

　　托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

　　這些包括導(dǎo)管(用來(lái)從根部向上運(yùn)輸水與礦物質(zhì)以及從葉子向植物體其余各部分運(yùn)輸光合作用產(chǎn)物)和堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)木質(zhì)素(用來(lái)維持植物體的生命，有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽(yáng)光之下)。

　　這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。