A.To regulate the continuing conflict

　　首先，“同義改寫”會(huì)影響到“定位”的準(zhǔn)確與速度。新托福閱讀十類題型中的事實(shí)信息題、列舉排除題、推理題以及填表題都涉及到了原文定位的問題。定位的準(zhǔn)確與速度也是影響閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)的一個(gè)重要因素。定位的時(shí)候，首先確定大區(qū)間，也就是題干中給我們具體的指示“According to paragraph X" ,"In paragraph X" 定位具體的段落，或是根據(jù)“閱讀文章行文順序與行文順序基本一致”的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大區(qū)間的定位;下一步就是確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞。但是，回原文中定位的時(shí)候，有時(shí)并不一定可以找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”，因?yàn)橥懈ｉ喿x在定位時(shí)往往會(huì)設(shè)置一個(gè)同義改寫。比如例一這道事實(shí)信息題，我們首先定位到了第三段，然后尋找題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“Whig Party’s view of the role of government?(Whig 政黨關(guān)于政府職能的觀點(diǎn))”，但是定位時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中所對(duì)應(yīng)的出處是"The government’s responsibility was to....。.(政府的職責(zé)是..。.)" 也就是說你不能期待定位時(shí)一定會(huì)從原文中找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”，這個(gè)定位過程中很有可能出現(xiàn)同義改寫的狀況。

　　其次，定位完成后，選項(xiàng)部分可能又會(huì)進(jìn)行一個(gè)同義改寫。比如例一原文中的“to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability”所對(duì)應(yīng)的正確選項(xiàng)換了個(gè)說法，被改寫成了“To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit”。所以在選擇選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候，你也不能期待選項(xiàng)一定是原文中一模一樣的表達(dá)。

　　同義改寫的設(shè)置不僅僅是在托福閱讀中，聽力中也涉及到了同樣的問題，也就是說正確的選項(xiàng)并不一定是你所到的原詞原句，基本上都會(huì)設(shè)置同義改寫來確定你是否真的聽懂了。例二的同義改寫現(xiàn)象請(qǐng)同學(xué)們自己做出分析。

　　C.To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit

　　例一：According to paragraph 3,which of the following describes the Whig Party’s view of the role of government?

　　B.To restrict the changes brought about by the market

　　D.To reduce the emphasis on economic development

　　Paragraph 3 : Whigs,on the other hand,were more comfortable with the market.For them,commerce and economic development agents of civilization.Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.The government’s responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability。

　　例二：According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil?

　　A.Increased stony content

　　B.Reduced water absorption

　　C.Increased numbers of spaces in the soil

　　D.Reduced water runoff

　　Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established。