1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.

(A) A

(B) It is a

(C) Although a

(D) There is a

答案：A

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：冠詞．

分析：ratchet (棘輪機(jī)構(gòu))是名詞，名詞前應(yīng)加冠詞，故選(A)．

 

2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.

(A) such

(B) more

(C) as

(D) than

答案：C

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：介詞．

分析：”作為政治家“要說(shuō)as a politician，故選(C)．前文as an architect可作為線索．動(dòng)詞rival (比得上，相比)在詞意上也決定了前后兩部分應(yīng)相同結(jié)構(gòu)．

 

3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.

(A) it grows

(B) what grows

(C) does it grow

(D) what does it grow

答案：B

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。

分析：depend on后接名詞性的成份。答案中(B)是名詞從句，做介詞on的賓語(yǔ)．(A)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)但并非名詞從句，不能作賓語(yǔ)，(C)是問(wèn)句形式，(D)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤．

 

4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.

(A) bridge-building

(B) building of bridges

(C) building a bridge

(D) bridges are built

答案：A

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)．

分析：materials是名詞，前面要用形容詞性的詞來(lái)修飾它．(A)是分詞，可作定語(yǔ)．(B)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；(C)是動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)；(D)是句子；均不可作定語(yǔ)．

 

5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.

(A) Contrary to general belief

(B) General belief contrary to

(C) Belief contrary to general

(D) Contrary belief general to

答案：A

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：習(xí)語(yǔ)．

分析：contrary to+名詞是．固定短語(yǔ)，表示“與……相反”，故選(A)．

 

6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.

(A) Barbara Jordan’s campaign being

(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned

(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan

(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning

答案：B

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：復(fù)合句。

分析：Two years after引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故逗號(hào)之后應(yīng)是主謂完整的主句，即(B)。其余三句均不是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)．

 

7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.

(A) are influenced

(B) be influenced

(C) influencing

(D) influence

答案：D

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)．

分析：本句有主語(yǔ)但缺謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)在答案中選擇能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式，即(D)．(A)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與句意不合；(B)(C)不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)．

 

8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.

(A) occurs

(B) will occur

(C) can occur

(D) occurring

答案：D

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞．

分析：’s是名詞的所有格形式，后接名詞性成份．答案(D)是動(dòng)名詞，可接在’s后，其余均不可。

 

9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.

(A) All lamps early

(B) Lamps all early

(C) All early lamps

(D) Early all lamps

答案：C

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)／詞序．

分析：本句缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)從答案中選擇名詞或名詞組作主語(yǔ)．除(C)外，其余語(yǔ)序均錯(cuò)．

解題要點(diǎn)：指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應(yīng)放在一般修飾性形容詞前面．

 

10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”

(A) a leading astronomer who

(B) who, as a leading astronomer,

(C) was a leading astronomer

(D) a leading astronomer,

答案：D

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)．

分析：主語(yǔ)后面用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的部分，常常是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)．應(yīng)在答案中選擇說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份的名詞性成份，即(D)．(A)(B)后接從句；(C)多了動(dòng)詞．

 

11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to the body.

(A) the stress it is greater

(B) greater is the stress

(C) greater stress is

(D) the greater the stress

答案：D

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：“the+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

分析：看到the less…，應(yīng)想到這是the+加比較級(jí)的句式。應(yīng)在答案中選擇相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，即(D)the greater…．

解題要點(diǎn)；此平列比較級(jí)句型是TOEFL常考題型，應(yīng)注意兩個(gè)比較的部分要結(jié)構(gòu)相同．

 

12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.

(A) how

(B) of

(C) by which

(D) for it

答案：C

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)．

分析：空格前后均為主謂完整的句子，說(shuō)明這是復(fù)合句．主、從句中間應(yīng)填入接兩句的連詞．(C) by which意為by the standard．(A)雖為連詞，但意思不通．(B)為介詞，(D)多主語(yǔ)it。

 

13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.

(A) coolest

(B) the coolest

(C) cooler

(D) the cooler

答案：C

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：比較級(jí)．

分析：以than為線索，推知句中用了比較級(jí)，句詞weather前所缺為比較級(jí)形式的形容詞．答案(C)是形容詞比較級(jí)的正確形式．(A)(B)為最高級(jí)；(D)多了the．

 

14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.

(A) far too

(B) far and

(C) so far

(D) as far as

答案：A

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)．

分析：這一結(jié)構(gòu)也是TOEFL常考的題型．注意副詞too前面可以用表示程度的詞來(lái)修飾，如：far，much等．

 

15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.

(A) because

(B) if

(C) when

(D) and

答案：D

測(cè)試點(diǎn)：連詞。

分析：句中conducts…和burns…是并列的謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)在答案中選擇表示并列關(guān)系的連詞。即(D)(A)表示原因，(B)表示假設(shè)關(guān)系，(C)表示時(shí)間，句意均不通，而且這些連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句都缺了主語(yǔ)．

解題要點(diǎn)：在連詞and連接的并列句中，如果主語(yǔ)為同一人或事物，第二句可省去此主語(yǔ)，直接連謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞．