5. by的考法

　　(1)be done by 只要不是固定詞組，被動一定是be done by

　　eg: be related to √

　　54. (The ceremony) of marriage (in the) United States (can be) (performed from) a justice of the peace.

　　答案: D performed fromàperformed by

　　55. Algebra代數(shù) is the (branch) of mathematics concerned with operations on (sets) of numbers of other (elements) that are often represented (at symbols).

　　答案: D at symbolsàby symbols

　　56. Xanthenes have both (good and bad) effects on the body, and these effects are (generally) (determined on) the size and (regularity) of dosage.

　　答案: C determined onàdetermined by

　　(2)by doing 通過某種方法

　　eg:

　　(Along the) east coast, American Indian women’s councils (could veto)(a declaration) of war (at refusing) to supply moccasins and field rations.

　　答案: D ar refusingàby refusing

　　(3)作品 by 作者

　　eg: studies by researchers, publications by Franklin