Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting
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In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors.For example,one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves,and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are.This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us (“birds of a feather”）rather than those who would be complementary (“opposites attract”).In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel.It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months, though it had less to do with initial alliances not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up.Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship，though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned，once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable.When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed.Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us.This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other.By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us.If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
單選題第1題The word “comely” underlined in Paragraph 1 means________.
A.pretty
B.intimate
C.comic
D.funny
參考答案：A
答案解析：詞義界定。假如comely對部分讀者是生詞，那么可以依賴語境來推測其意。
根據(jù) comely斤在的句子 physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely”可知，這里的prefer ... to ...構(gòu)成了比較命題，比較雙方為attractive individuals 和 those （即 individuals） less comely，那么，comely應(yīng)該與attractive是近義詞，才能構(gòu)成比較，因此可以推斷，選項A符合詞義。
[知識拓展]詞義推導(dǎo)技巧：可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞規(guī)律，定義或定語從句，舉例，同位語，近義詞，反義詞，因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、比較或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等邏輯，語境意義等。本題就是根據(jù)比較關(guān)系推導(dǎo)而來的。
單選題第2題Research on friendship has shown that________.
A.every student has five or six friends
B.judges are always influenced by a pretty face
C.ugly people find it harder to make friends than beautiful people
D.we tend to grow fond of people if we dislike them at first sight
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。第一段開篇就聲稱 “Research on friendship has established a number of
facts”，其中一項發(fā)現(xiàn)就是“...physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to
those less comely”，說直白一些，就是選項C所表達的意義。
單選題第3題Studies of friendship have demonstrated that in making friends, we________.
A.are seeking sympathy
B.insist they take similar attitudes toward ourselves
C.think they resemble us more than they really do
D.want to be flattered
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。第二段原句“...several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they （objectively） are” 與選項 C 的表述一致。
單選題第4題The phrase “birds of a feather” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to________.
A.people of similar character
B.birds with the same color of feather
C.the fact that birds are composed of feathers
D.people who like the same kind of birds
參考答案：A
答案解析：近義表述。原文“who are similar to us （'birds of a feather'）”清楚表明括號內(nèi)外的 句子成分是近義解釋，所以很容易選擇正確答案。這個英語諺語的完整形式為“Birds of a feather flock together”，即物以類聚，人以群分。
單選題第5題The experiment conducted on students living in a hostel suggested that________
A.in the long run, people got on better with those resembling them
B.it was impossible to predict what friendships would develop
C.students immediately recognized others with similar attitudes and interests
D.students split up as soon as they discovered differences in attitudes
參考答案：A
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。根據(jù)第二段 “...similarity of attitudes （toward politics, religion and ethics,
pastimes and aesthetics） was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the
end of the four months...”可知，態(tài)度相似的人預(yù)示著在四個月后更容易建立友誼。這一觀點與選項A最接近。
單選題第6題Studies of marriage relationships indicate that ________.
A.exactly the same bases for success apply for ordinary friendship
B.it is, first of all, necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar backgrounds
C.opposites get on better than similar personalities
D.the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly
參考答案：D
答案解析：語義推理。第三段 “the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship” 表明總的傾向是相似比互補更有利于成功建立關(guān)系。本段“…mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed” 開始分析其復(fù)雜性，即大的前提是婚姻關(guān)系中二者的相似好于互補，但如果二人幾乎完全相似則有缺陷，于是可以推導(dǎo)出結(jié)論，相似而不相同最有利于婚姻。
單選題第7題The word “obnoxious” underlined in Paragraph 3 means________.
A.odd
B.objective
C.offensive
D.obedient
參考答案：C
答案解析：詞義界定。從構(gòu)詞角度看，obnoxious由ob-和noxious構(gòu)成，前綴ob-意思是“朝著，反對”等，noxious意思是“有毒的，有害的”，二者合起來意思是“討厭的，可憎的”。假設(shè)讀者不懂得構(gòu)詞規(guī)律和詞根意義，也可以通過語境猜詞。
obnoxious 一詞出現(xiàn)在 “ Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when
we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are
dissimilar”，大意是相似易滋生輕視；人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他人……時，如果他們與我們相似，我們會更討厭他們。這樣，將四個選項中的詞全部代入省略號位置，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，語義邏輯通順的是C,意思是當(dāng)他人有無禮冒犯行為時，如果他們與我們相似，我們會更討厭他們。
單選題第8題The word “disparate” underlined in Paragraph 4 means________.
A.dissatisfied
B.disruptive
C.discontented
D.dissimilar
參考答案：D
答案解析：詞義界定。根據(jù)本句中 “we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group
Of friends to support us”足以推導(dǎo)出disparate的詞義。本句是因果關(guān)系，因此前后基本
一致。前者預(yù)設(shè)了 “很多”，那么結(jié)果必 然是多面的，不是單一的，因此選擇D。本
句大意為人有多面性，因此需要不同類型的朋友來相助。
單選題第9題According to the passage, a computer dating agency is one that helps others to find a________.
A.friend
B.partner
C.spouse
D.companion
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。第四段最后一句話 “If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago”中的關(guān)鍵詞為dating,即“約會”，在句中指的是電腦匹配約會對象的機構(gòu)，幫人們牽線搭橋的電腦程序。因此，只有配偶（spouse）符合句意。
單選題第10題The central idea of the passage is that________.
A.opposites attract each other
B.birds of a feather flock together
C.great minds think alike
D.a friend in need is a friend indeed
參考答案：B
答案解析：主旨大意。如果讀者在讀完全文后已經(jīng)有了整體把握，可以直接得出結(jié)論了。假如還不確定，可以快 速掃讀來進一步確認。其中一個辦法就是逐段總結(jié)。第一段第一句表明對交友的研究，最后一句說一般的結(jié)論沒有揭示友誼的性質(zhì)或宗旨；第二段的核 心結(jié)論是birds of a feather（人以群分）；第三段發(fā)現(xiàn)婚姻雙方相似而不相同最 佳；第四段倒數(shù)第二句相當(dāng)于本文結(jié)論：擇友和擇偶時，相似者更成功。
涉及考點
2020翻譯三級綜合能力考試大綱
二、閱讀理解
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