It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on
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There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process.The median age in the United States 一 with half the population older and half younger is currently 36.In Ethiopia, it's 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy.In other African countries, it9s even lower The world's oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich.So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons.The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older,they grow frail and lose mental acuity.The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden.And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age.Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65.Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health.The saying "seventy is the new 60" has a sound scientific basis.Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity （not to mention open-mindedness）.The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India.In 2050 China's population will be older than India's because of its more rapid fertility decline.But so what? China's population is much better educated and therefore much more productive.Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65.We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying.Again, this is largely a question of education.In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside.In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling.In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent.Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India's future is brighter than China's owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health.Here the prospects are good.In most countries of the world 一 with the notable exception of the United States the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time.Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management.For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly and together drive the richness of the future.
單選題第1題What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Ethiopian women are allowed to produce more babies.
B.German people have higher life expectancy.
C.Aging population causes economic recession.
D.Median age refers to the phase of aging.
參考答案：B
答案解析：比較判斷。本段第一句 "all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at
very different stages of the process"為主題句,段落其余部分以年齡中位數(shù)為依據(jù)舉例
說明了這一論點,美國為36,埃塞俄比亞為18,非洲一些國家更低,德國為45,而年
齡中位數(shù)越大,該國人均壽命越長,因此選項B正確。
單選題第2題Paragraph 3 mainly discusses_______.
A.mental and economic factors of population aging
B.real reasons for the prosperity of the old countries
C.the reasons of people's fear of the aging process
D.common patterns of demographic aging
參考答案：C
答案解析：段落大意。題干問的是大意,所以瀏覽（skimming）段落邏輯可得答案。第三段
第二行提出問題"So why do people fear population aging",然后馬上分析答案"I see
two reasons. The first is ... The second comes ..." 屬于歸因推理。
單選題第3題The word "acuity" underlined in Paragraph 3 means_______.
A.evolution
B.sharpness
C.status
D.process
參考答案：B
答案解析：詞義界定。原句為 "The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging
suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental acuity” ,語境預設的
大框架為心理因素,具體問題是人越老,身體越弱,越容易喪失思維。而一般認為隨
著年齡的增大,思維會逐漸遲鈍,即失去敏銳的思維,故選B。
單選題第4題What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.Education largely determines people's productivity.
B.Aging has something to do with mental acuity.
C.Good health leads to higher life expectancy.
D.The process of aging has a scientific basis.
參考答案：A
答案解析：段落大意。從語篇連貫角度看,本段是為了駁斥上一段人們的誤解,其根據(jù)有兩
條；生產(chǎn)力因人而異,與年齡無關；教育程度也決定人的健康、壽命及生產(chǎn)力。
單選題第5題In the sentence "seventy is the new 60" underlined in Paragraph 4, the author uses a
metaphorical device termed_______.
A.simile
B.pun
C.irony
D.analogy
參考答案：D
答案解析：修辭手段。本句大意為"六十始自七十歲",即人到七十,又是一個新的開始,
就像回到六十歲一樣年輕。換言之,將兩個本質上不同的事物就其共同點進行比較,
幫助說明道理或描述某種復雜情況。這種比喻形式稱為analogy （類比）。
單選題第6題The old countries are booming because the elderly people_______.
A.serve as a valuable asset
B.have strong personality
C.are increasing considerably
D.are in good health
參考答案：A
答案解析：歸因推理。根據(jù)第三段第一行"The young countries are poor, and the old countries
are rich",和第四段提到的"人的生產(chǎn)力因人而異,與年齡無關,受到良好教育
的老年人依舊老有所為",以及最后一句結論"The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem" 可知,老年人對社會來說是一種財富。
單選題第7題What is true of the following statements when China is compared with India?
A.Indians will have more interesting jobs.
B.Retiring age in China will be 65.
C.More people in China continue to work after reaching 65.
D.More Indian women will be well-educated.
參考答案：C
答案解析：比較判斷。第五段對中國和印度做了比較,要點如下：到2050年中國老齡化比
印度嚴重；中國教育程度比印度高,人民生產(chǎn)力更高；中國只有少數(shù)人在65歲之后退
休；中國教育普及程度遠高于印度。顯然,選項C對應比較要點。
單選題第8題The author mentions China and India to_______.
A.provide examples of aging population
B.predict the future trend of development
C.explain the reasons for high productivity
D.refute the view about dependency ratio
參考答案：D
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。第五段第一句 "To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic
dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and
India"為主題句,本段其余部分用具體事實證明該論點,所以選項D符合主題句句意。
單選題第9題What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Healthier people can enhance productivity.
B.Elderly people are the majority group in most countries.
C.Human capital contains many manageable components.
D.Private businesses focus more on the aging problem.
參考答案：C
答案解析：語義推理。以infer為核 心詞的問題均涉及語義推理。本段的核 心詞為human
capital,整段就私企的作為和政府應承擔的責任予以了闡述。由于第一句明確表示
w Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them
manageable",所以基本不需推理也可與選項C對應起來。
單選題第10題The author believes that_______.
A.aging population is closely related to economic decline
B.aging population can still make contributions to society
C.governments should pay more attention to aging population
D.further education is key to the productivity of aging population
參考答案：B
答案解析：論點概括。文章第一段提出問題"But is that （aging） really such a problem",
經(jīng)過中間兩段的論述,第四段最后一句得出結論"The active aging of better-educated
populations can be an asset rather than a problem",然后本文繼續(xù)討論如何善待并有效
利用人力資源,因此,選項B符合作者的論點。
[知識拓展]作者對于所述問題的論點可由分論點概括而來,也可根據(jù)論述邏輯推理而
來。本文的論點屬于后者。
涉及考點
2020翻譯三級綜合能力考試大綱
二、閱讀理解
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