The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people
類型：學習教育
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But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer.
The divide is most extreme in the U.S., where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off
retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out the workforce.This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole.Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes longer.Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries like China, where half of all 50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education.At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim.Manual work gets harder as people get older, and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed.
Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial.Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand.Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes.So long as they replace less-fair taxes, that might make sense.This would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than salt it away.But governments should focus not on redistributing income but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education.
How likely are governments to make these changes? Look around the rich world today, and it is hard to be optimistic.The swelling ranks of older voters, and their disproportionate propensity to vote, have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms.Germany, despite being the fastest-ageing country in Europe, plans to cut the statutory retirement age for some people.In the U.S., both social security (the public pension scheme) and the fast-growing system of disability benefits remain untouched by reform.Politicians need to convince less-skilled older voters that it is in their interests to go on working.Doing so will not be easy.But the alternative 一 economic stagnation and even greater inequality is worse.
單選題第1題The word “staggering” underlined in Paragraph 1 means________.
A.swaying
B.unstable
C.zigzagging
D.astounding
參考答案：D
答案解析：詞義界定。staggering 出現(xiàn)在第一段 “The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise
in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before ”，即世界老齡人口將
出現(xiàn)驚人增長，且他們的壽命會比以往更長。假設(shè)有讀者不懂得staggering的意思，或者不確定staggering rise是快 速增長還是緩慢增長，因為staggering還有“蹣跚的”意思，可以借助下文的數(shù)據(jù)來確定：在過去20年間，全球65歲及以上老齡人口幾乎增加了一倍。這樣的增長自然是非常迅猛的，由此可以判斷選項D符合句意。
單選題第2題Observers believe that the rise in the number of old people will NOT________.
A.affect the longevity of the elderly
B.bust government budgets
C.lead to secular stagnation
D.slow down economic growth
參考答案：A
答案解析：錯誤排除。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞observers檢索，本題涉及的原句為第一段最后一句has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and 'secular stagnation',while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets ”，即（在二十世紀，人們的壽命變長使得退休歲月長于工作年限，這一經(jīng)驗）讓許多觀察家相信，這種轉(zhuǎn)變將導致經(jīng)濟增長減緩和“長期性經(jīng)濟停滯”，而迅速擴大的領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金大軍將使政府預(yù)算不堪重負。其中，唯獨沒有提到的是選項A。
單選題第3題There is a new trend in the U.S., where________.
A.there appears a baby boom
B.more younger unskilled people are unemployed
C.more older skilled people are working longer
D.both B and C
參考答案：D
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞new trend in the U.S.檢索，本題涉及的內(nèi)容在第二段a new trend, .... Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer”，即技術(shù)不熟練的年輕人就業(yè)率下降，而技術(shù)熟練的老年人工作年限延長。對照選項發(fā)現(xiàn)本句包括選項B和C,因此，D正確。
單選題第4題Which of the following notions tends to be ignored as a new trend?.
A.The big gap between the well-educated and the undereducated.
B.The wide gap between male and female workers.
C.The widening gap between the skilled and the unskilled.
D.The growing gap between the working young and the idle old.
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞notion和a new trend可以檢索到第二段的相關(guān)表述“a
new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled”，即新的趨勢是熟練技工和不熟練技工之間的鴻溝越來越寬。其中，逗號后面的短語是a new trend的同位語，是對后者的解釋。這樣的同位語在閱讀理解題中經(jīng)常用來確定先行詞的詞義。因為選項C與原句一致，所以不需要推理即可判斷。
單選題第5題The new trend may also benefit society, for________.
A.economic growth will slow down as expected
B.high-earning old people pay taxes longer
C.government budgets will be in the red
D.governments encourage early retirement
參考答案：B
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。題干的關(guān)鍵詞benefit和society會引導讀者來到第三段第一句，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)下文舉例說明老齡化的益處，其中有一條是... high earners pay taxes longer，即高收入者（特別是老年人）納稅時間更長。
單選題第6題Rich countries find the burden of ageing easier to bear because their aged people________.
A.may pay less taxes
B.may enjoy early retirement
C.are mostly well-educated
D.are mostly in good health
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞burden和easier檢索到第三段“Rich countries with lots of
well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries
like China...”，即富國擁有大量受過良好教育的老年人，因此，比起中國這樣的國家，解決老齡化負擔問題更容易。這一表述與選項C一致。
單選題第7題In rich countries, more savings of wealthy old people will________.
A.boost demand
B.diminish demand
C.decrease inequality
D.increase equality
參考答案：B
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。與前幾道題一樣，根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞more savings檢索到第四段”Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand”，即富有的老年人會增加儲蓄，而高儲蓄反而會降低需求。這里的weaken demand和選項B的diminish demand屬于近義表述，因此可以確定選項B為正確答案。
單選題第8題The author suggests that the response to inequality is to________.
A.levy higher inheritance taxes
B.encourage the elderly to save their cash for the future
C.transfer the elderly savings to their next generations
D.cause further imbalance between winners and losers
參考答案：A
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞response to inequality檢索到“ One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes”，即一個可能的應(yīng)對之策是征收更高的遺產(chǎn)稅。本句的impose taxes與選項A的levy taxes屬于同義表述，因此選A確定無疑。
單選題第9題For their own sake, politicians________.
A.take good care of the less-skilled older voters
B.have another alternative to decrease inequality
C.cater to the older voters enthusiastically
D.are more likely to introduce disruptive reforms
參考答案：C
答案解析：近義表述。根據(jù)“…h(huán)ave left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms”可知，讓政客們更樂于取悅他們（老年人），而不是實行有損他們利益的改革。本句的pander to與選項C的cater to屬于近義表述。
單選題第10題What is the appropriate title of this passage?
A.Global Ageing: A Grey Economy
B.Global Ageing: Powers of the Elderly
C.Today’s World: Pessimistic Prospects
D.Economy of Ageing: Slower and More Unequal
參考答案：D
答案解析：補充標題�；仡櫢鞫温渲髦及l(fā)現(xiàn)：第一段提出老齡人口激增會給經(jīng)濟帶來諸多負面影響；第二段指出具體影響之一是年輕人因缺乏經(jīng)驗，在與老年人競爭工作時處于下風；第三段陳述了這一分化的利弊得失，但全面來看，弊大于利；第四段特別指出其結(jié)果是老年人儲蓄的增加會降低需求，會造成不平等，而他們的財產(chǎn)由下一代繼承后會增加不平等程度；最后一段指出政客們需要有所作為改變這一現(xiàn)狀，而美國的政客們似乎無動于衷。綜上，選項D的Slower and More Unequal能夠概括全文，因此為正確答案。
涉及考點
2020翻譯三級綜合能力考試大綱
二、閱讀理解
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