At a recent debate in Washington about the rise of China, a U.S. career
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Indeed, soft power is generally seen as a major asset in the foreign policy realm, helping countries achieve their goals without resorting to “hard power” 一 i.e., coercive means. “Young people around the world，” the diplomat confidently asserted, “still listen to American music, watch American movies and dream of coming to the United States.”
Particularly in Latin America, that remains as true as ever, despite Donald Trump in the White House and a historic and irreversible shift of economic power away from the West towards Asia.The United States' cultural influence and visibility stands unrivaled across Latin America.Chinese culture, by comparison, remains largely unknown and is usually met with indifference and a lack of interest. While some people are aware of China's growing economic role in Latin America it is already the largest trading partner of several of the region's major economies, including Brazil, Chile and Peru most would struggle to name a single Chinese contemporary singer, athlete or soap opera star. Latin America^ mass media busily reports even minor events in U.S. politics or cultural life, yet Chinese news remain the stuff of specialists.
Yet while U.S. soft power may provide some tangible economic benefits in Latin America think of tourism to Disney World and New York, Netflix subscriptions and Starbucks sales it has also shown to be a double-edged sword, particularly in the foreign policy realm. China's under-the-radar approach in Latin America, by comparison，also brings important advantages, some of which may, paradoxically, be of greater strategic relevance in the long term. That is because, in a region traditionally concerned about U.S. meddling, strong cultural influence tends to inflate the perceived political and economic influence. While the United States'de facto influence in Latin America has declined significantly over the past decade partly due to China's growing role in the region，but also because U.S. policymakers generally do not see the region as a priority this change is barely reflected in the public debate, where the U.S. role remains outsized.
That often makes cooperating with the United States politically costly. When Brazil's former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso reached, in 2000, a groundbreaking space cooperation deal with the United States, which would involve U.S. use of the Brazilian space agency 5s launch site in Alcntara in Northern Brazil (its equatorial location allows reducing fuel costs of satellite launches by 30 percent), the opposition saw an opportunity to whip up anti-American nationalist sentiment by mischaracterizing the technology safeguards agreement (TSA) as a threat to Brazil's sovereignty. Cardoso found himself accused of being an entreguista and canceled the project, which would have allowed Brazil to develop precious expertise in the area increasingly important due to strong growth in the microsatellite sector crucial for GPS and internet communication. When the current government of Michel Temer took up the project recently, pressure again intensified, even though this time its successful conclusion is more likely. If the project partner had been China back then or today, it seems unlikely that the project would have faced as much political resistance.
This episode is starkly contrasted by how China can operate across Latin America and make strategic investments almost without any real concern for public opinion. When Chinese investors recently bought a third of Brazil's electricity sector a sector of tremendous strategic importance the news barely made it to the front page of Brazilian newspapers.
單選題第1題Why was the U.S. career diplomat optimistic?
A.Because China would probably soon overtake the United States as the world's largest economy.
B.Because the United States would remain the world's largest economy.
C.Because China was unlikely to rival the United States anytime soon when it came to “soft power”.
D.Because the United States was unlikely to rival China anytime soon when it came to “soft power”.
參考答案：C
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第1段第1句，由第2句中的but分句可知，這位美國(guó)外交官認(rèn)為中國(guó)在軟實(shí)力方面還無(wú)法與美國(guó)匹敵。根據(jù)上下文，the Middle Kingdom應(yīng)該指中國(guó)，故正確答案為C。
單選題第2題The word “coercive” underlined in Paragraph 2 is synonymous to______.
A.forcible
B.complementary
C.formidable
D.coherent
參考答案：A
答案解析：語(yǔ)義題。forcible強(qiáng)迫的，complementary互補(bǔ)的，formidable可怕的，coherent連貫的。coercive意為“強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的”，故A為正確答案。
單選題第3題According to the author, Donald Trump in the White House seems to be______ to Latin America.
A.promising
B.influential
C.surprising
D.unfavorable
參考答案：D
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第3段第1句，從despite這個(gè)詞可知，Donald Trump in the White House與主句構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，是美國(guó)在拉美軟實(shí)力影響的不利因素，故正確答案為D。
單選題第4題In paragraph 3, the author mentions Chinese contemporary singer, athlete or soap opera star just in order to show that______.
A.people in Latin America are aware of China's growing economic role
B.people in Latin America are ignorant of China's visibility
C.people in Latin America are not interested in Chinese culture
D.people in Latin America remain unknown to Chinese culture
參考答案：C
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第3段第4句，可知大多數(shù)拉美人很難說(shuō)出一個(gè)中國(guó)當(dāng)代歌手、運(yùn)動(dòng)員或電視明星的名字，其原因在第3句：相比之下，中國(guó)文化往往不為人知，通常無(wú)人關(guān)注或難以引起人們的興趣。故正確答案為C。
單選題第5題Which of the following statements is NOT true of U.S. soft power in Latin America?
A.It is unrivaled by any other country.
B.It contributes to low economic benefits for the U.S..
C.It remains the same as before.
D.It is more influential than Chinese soft power in the same region.
參考答案：B
答案解析：推斷題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位第1 一4段，仔細(xì)甄別后可知，B與原文（帶來(lái)一些切實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益）不符，故為正確答案。
單選題第6題The compound word “under-the-radar” underlined in Paragraph 4 most likely means______
A.vulnerable
B.vigorous
C.invisible
D.inviable
參考答案：C
答案解析：語(yǔ)義題。vulnerable脆弱的，vigorous精力充沛的，invisible不引人注目的，inviable不可能生存的。根據(jù)上下文，under-the-radar意為“低調(diào)的”，故正確答案 為C。
單選題第7題According to the passage, the U.S. influence in Latin America has declined over the past decade mainly because______
A.China is replacing the United States in the region
B.China's approach in the region is of great strategic relevance in the long term
C.the U.S. government tends to inflate the perceived political and economic influence in the region
D.the U.S. government does not attach so much importance to the region
參考答案：D
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第4段第4句，可知美國(guó)在拉美地區(qū)影響力的下降有兩個(gè)原因：中國(guó)在該地區(qū)的作用日益突顯；美國(guó)的政策制定者未將該地區(qū)作為優(yōu)先考慮的對(duì)象，故正確答案為D。
單選題第8題The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that______.
A.the U.S. cooperation with Latin American countries often encounters political resistance
B.the space cooperation between the United States and Brazil is likely to succeed
C.the U.S. is unwilling to cooperate with Brazil in space exploration
D.China is willing to cooperate with Brazil in space exploration
參考答案：A
答案解析：主旨題。該題為段落主旨題，關(guān)鍵在于找出中心句，而段落中心句一般位于段首。分析第5段結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第1句（那常常使得與美國(guó)合作的政治代價(jià)高昂）為中心句，接著舉了兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明該句觀點(diǎn)，故正確答案為A。
單選題第9題The word “entreguista” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably means______.
A.criminal
B.traitor
C.corruptionist
D.villain
參考答案：B
答案解析：語(yǔ)義題。criminal罪犯，traitor叛國(guó)者，corruptionist貪官，villain惡棍。根據(jù)上下文，entreguista意為“叛國(guó)者”，故正確答案為B。
單選題第10題The author's attitude towards China's economic success in Latin America is______.
A.optimistic
B.neutral
C.indifferent
D.negative
參考答案：D
答案解析：態(tài)度題。最后兩段作者對(duì)美國(guó)與中國(guó)在拉美地區(qū)的待遇做了對(duì)比，前者因其強(qiáng)大的文化影響力遭遇政治抵制，而后者因低調(diào)行事反而進(jìn)展順利。作為美國(guó)人，作者的字里行間反映出其心中的不忿，故正確答案為D。
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2020翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力考試大綱
二、閱讀理解
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