類型：學(xué)習(xí)教育
題目總量：200萬+
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People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return.They have a low level of literacy and education, usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies，and make very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores，museums or art galleries.They have a critical attitude toward some of the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police, mistrust of government and those in high position, and a cynicism which extends even to the church.This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing social order.
People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values, talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the whole, they do not live by them.Thus, it is important to distinguish between what they say and what they do.For example, many will tell you that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of marriage, but few will marry.To men who have no steady jobs or other sources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass on to their children, who are present-time-oriented and who want to avoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage and divorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense.Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it ties them down to men who are immature, punishing and generally unreliable.Women feel that consensual union gives them a better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that men have.By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands, the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide to leave their men.It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or any other property they may own.
單選題第1題According to the passage, a defining characteristic of poverty is that poor people_______
A.are isolated from the mainstream of society
B.lack the skills to find decent jobs
C.are constantly in a state of crisis
D.are held responsible for their own poverty
參考答案：A
答案解析：語義推理。題干問的是“defining characteristic”，即貧窮的典型特點。第一段主
要陳述“culture of poverty”的表現(xiàn)，不屬于對其特點的界定。第二段第一句“People
with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return” 為本段
主題句，為了證明這一點，接下來一句提到usually do not belong to labor unions,
are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare
agencies...”等，而這些恰恰是主流社會的人們享有的正常生活。由此推知，貧困人群
孤立于主流社會之外，即A。
單選題第2題The phrase “culture of poverty” underlined in Paragraph 1 suggests that_______.
A.there are several classifications of poor people
B.poor people often take pride in their poverty
C.poverty has become a prevalent lifestyle for some people
D.poor people share a common background
參考答案：C
答案解析：細節(jié)識別�！癱ulture of poverty”在第一段第一次出現(xiàn)，由于它有下畫線，所以
比較容易識別。當(dāng)然，本題要考查的是這個術(shù)語表明的內(nèi)容。由于本句提到“We find
in the culture of poverty a high incidence of... ”，既然發(fā)生率很高，那么符合選項 C 的 “ a
prevalent lifestyle for some people” 。
單選題第3題The word “incidence” underlined in Paragraph 1 means_______.
A.inflation
B.reference
C.occurrence
D.accident
參考答案：C
答案解析：詞義界定。一般而言，incidence不屬于生詞。即使部分讀者不認識，也可以從語
境推知。本句為 “We find in the culture of poverty a high incidence of...” 后面舉實例進
行解釋，都是貧困人口的日常表現(xiàn)。也可以通過構(gòu)詞推導(dǎo)詞義，incident是偶發(fā)事件，
那么incidence為事件發(fā)生的概率。因此可以猜知其詞義。
單選題第4題The word “l(fā)iteracy” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to the ability to_______.
A.go to school
B.read and write
C.receive education
D.learn math
參考答案：B
答案解析：詞義界定�！癓iteracy”對多數(shù)考生而言不是生詞，其詞典的定義就是“the ability
to read and write”（識字，讀寫能力）。即使不認識，也可以根據(jù)第二段這一句“They
have a low level of literacy and education”（這些人的識字和教育水平都比較低）來猜
測，并結(jié)合選項進行排除。
單選題第5題In Paragraph 2, by asserting that the culture of poverty can be used by political movements, the author_______.
A.predicts an uprising by the poor
B.shows how poverty may threaten social stability
C.justifies the motives of politicians
D.calls upon the middle class to fight against the poor
參考答案：B
答案解析：細節(jié)識別。原句為第二段最后一句“This gives the culture of poverty a high
potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing
social order”，句末的 “aimed against the existing social order” 是重點，有人利用他們
搞政治運動，而針對的是現(xiàn)行社會秩序，即會威脅現(xiàn)有的社會秩序，或威脅社會穩(wěn)定。
單選題第6題The author's attitude toward the need to “distinguish between what they say and what they do"(underlined in Paragraph 3) suggests that_______.
A.poor people are often hypocritical
B.poverty causes illusions among the poor people
C.the poor are held responsible for their poverty
D.the poor often cannot change their conditions
參考答案：D
答案解析：語義推理。畫線部分大意是“區(qū)別他們的言行”，貌似他們言行不一。但是本句
的前一句說“they do not live by them”，即他們思想上認同主流社會的價值觀，但沒
有遵守。具體原因從本句提到的例子才能概括出來：沒有穩(wěn)定工作，沒有固定收入，
沒有可讓孩子繼承的財產(chǎn)等，在這樣的情況下，去教堂舉行正式婚禮存在費用和法律
方面的困難，因此只能選擇自由結(jié)合或兩愿婚姻。換言之，他們不具備正式婚姻的條
件，只能退而求其次。
單選題第7題According to Paragraph 3, consensual union CANNOT provide poor women refraining from a legal marriage with_______ .
A.a free church wedding or civil ceremony
B.some of the freedom and flexibility that men have
C.ownership of a house or any other property
D.a stronger claim on their children when they want to leave their men
參考答案：A
答案解析：錯誤排除。第三段末尾部分提到了選項B、C、D的內(nèi)容，內(nèi)容幾乎一致，只有選
項A沒有提到，因此，可以通過對比原文與選項內(nèi)容加以確認。
單選題第8題A conclusion can be drawn from Paragraph 3 that men and women in the culture of poverty_______.
A.consider themselves unworthy of legal marriage
B.cannot get married and raise a family of their own
C.do not trust each other as faithful husbands and wives
D.avoid legal marriages for practical and economic reasons
參考答案：D
答案解析：論點概括。第三段開頭提出論點：貧困人群清楚主流價值觀，但他們沒有遵循。
究其原因，有經(jīng)濟困難，因為去教堂舉行婚禮等會產(chǎn)生費用，他們付不起；也有實際
困難，如正式婚姻中丈夫不理想時，無法輕易離開；不利于爭取孩子的監(jiān)護權(quán)，不利
于分得財產(chǎn)等。這里的邏輯是先提出論點，然后以事實為論據(jù)進行佐證。所以概括的
時候需要結(jié)合二者。
單選題第9題In discussing poverty, the author is most likely to agree that poverty_______.
A.is more widespread than most people think
B.cannot be eliminated from society
C.means more than a lack of money
D.weakens the fabric of society
參考答案：C
答案解析：論點概括。第一段陳述了貧困人群面臨的困境及日常拮據(jù)的生活，第二段進一步
討論了他們的惡劣處境：一方面孤立于主流社會，另一方面在世界觀和心理方面存在
問題。所以貧窮不僅僅意味著缺錢，還有婚姻觀等各方面的問題。符合這個隱含論點
的選項為C。
單選題第10題The word “it” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to_______.
A.proper break
B.legal status
C.illegal marriage
D.consensual union
參考答案：D
答案解析：語篇銜接。It作為代詞，經(jīng)常起回指的作用。要清楚其所指內(nèi)容，需要看它的結(jié)
構(gòu)并回讀。本句的it緊跟動詞gives，由此回讀發(fā)現(xiàn)源頭為“Women feel that consensual
union gives them …it gives them …”因此，回指對象很明確為 “consensual union”。
涉及考點
2020翻譯三級綜合能力考試大綱
二、閱讀理解
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