Every autumn, retailers hire large numbers of seasonal workers to handle the rush of
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It may not work out that way in 2019. Fewer teens are in the workforce nowadays, reducing the number of job seekers for low-wage work and helping raise the pay rates needed to woo those who are. Also, minimum wage increases for lower-skilled workers at companies such as Amazon.com, Walmart, and Target are making it more difficult for restaurants to compete for talent，forcing them to try everything from social media campaigns to quarterly bonuses to entice applicants. “The last 18 to 24 months, it’s been very competitive, no matter what time of year?” says Bjorn Erland, vice president for people and experience at Yum! Brands Inc.’s Taco Bell chain. “I don’t think it’s going to ease up much just because the holidays are over.”
Many franchisees, who do most fast-food hiring, are loath to raise wages, which must be off-set by higher menu prices. They count on ample pools of workers willing to accept modest pay. So the falloff in employment among postmillennials, those less than 22 years old, is particularly troublesome for restaurants that have depended on young workers since the days of soda jerks and carhops. Just 19 percent of 15- to 17-year-olds had jobs in 2018, compared with almost half in 1968, according to a Pew Research Center study published in November. It wasn’t much better for 18- to 21-year-olds: In 2018, 58 percent had been employed in the previous year, down from 80 percent in 1968, Pew says.
That’s making restaurants rethink how they recruit and retain young workers. Taco Bell has started holding “hiring parties” with free nacho fries to draw prospects. Tom Douglas, vice president for operations at Golden Gate Bell, which operates 80 Taco Bell locations in and around San Francisco, has gone further: He’s started using software to connect with potential hires. The program sends prospects text messages with links to its career page, along with occasional food freebies to lure candidates. Golden Gate Bell, which employs about 1,800 and competes with Wendy’s, McDonald’s, and big box retailers for employees, also recently started a quarterly bonus program for hourly staff. “The traditional way of trying to hire folks just isn’t working,” says Douglas. “We’re just trying to make ourselves a little bit different and stand out from the competitors.”
Actions that increase employee retention are also getting a lot of attention in the high- turnover business. The White Castle hamburger chain is using an employee mobile app that allows hourly staff to swap shifts at the last minute when conflicts inevitably arise. And Sticky Fingers Ribhouse, an 11-store barbecue chain in South Carolina, is asking employees for their opinions. It recently surveyed staff about its new rib recipe, along with their happiness with its uniforms. “The younger labor market, they really want to feel connected to a brand,” says Will Eadie, global vice president for strategy at WorkJam, which provides training and other digital labor services through a mobile app for clients including restaurants and retailers such as Target Corp. and Shell gas stations.
How desperate are fast-food operators to reach the right people? Instead of business cards, managers at Church9s Chicken outlets in October started handing out recruiting cards that say, “We are looking for great talent like you!” The cards include phone numbers and emails for cook and cashier prospects to get in touch.
In the long term, restaurants need to find new ways to work around shortages because the tight labor market isn’t going away anytime soon, says Michael Harms, vice president for operations at researcher TDn2K, which tracks restaurant industry employment trends. “Restaurants are going to have to rely on technology to replace these workers,” he says. “I don’t see a lot of relief on the way.”
單選題第1題The word “those” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to______.
A.workers
B.servers
C.wages
D.restaurants
參考答案：C
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第1段第3句，分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，those指代wages，故正確答案為C。
單選題第2題According to Paragraph 2, the situation in 2019 may change for all the following reasons EXCEPT that______.
A.fewer teens are in the workforce
B.job seekers help raise the pay rates
C.there are fewer people looking for low-wage work
D.it is more difficult for restaurants to compete for talent
參考答案：B
答案解析：推斷題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位第2段，仔細(xì)對比后可知，B與原文不符，因?yàn)閷φZ法結(jié)構(gòu)而言，helping raise the pay rates中helping的邏輯主語是主句，而非job seekers，故B為正確答案。
單選題第3題The word “entice” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means______ .
A.engage
B.fascinate
C.enlarge
D.fabricate
參考答案：B
答案解析：語義題。engage從事，fascinate使著迷，enlarge擴(kuò)大，fabricate制造。entice意為“誘惑，慫恿”，B選項(xiàng)語義與其最接近，故為正確答案。
單選題第4題In Paragraph 3, the author uses a number of data to indicate that______.
A.the job market in 2018 was worse than that in 1968
B.it wasn’t much better for young people
C.most fast-food hiring needs to raise wages
D.restaurants depending on young workers worried about less employment among postmillennials
參考答案：D
答案解析：推斷題。羅列數(shù)據(jù)是為了說明觀點(diǎn)，之前的原文為So the falloff in employment among postmillennials, those less than 22 years old, is particularly troublesome for restaurants…，大意為“后千禧一代雇員的減少讓飯店尤其憂心忡忡”，故正確答案為D。
單選題第5題The word “prospects” underlined in Paragraph 4 is most probably means______
A.chances of success
B.ideas of interest
C.people of success
D.people of interest
參考答案：D
答案解析：語義題。chances of success成功的機(jī)會，ideas of interest有興趣的想法，people of success 成功人士，people of interest有興趣的人�！皃rospects” 一般指前景，但在本文中意為“可能會應(yīng)聘的人”，故D為正確答案。
單選題第6題The main idea of Paragraph 4 can be summarized as______.
A.The traditional way of hiring is not working
B.Restaurants need to use different ways in order to stand out
C.The current situation forces restaurants to think of new ways to hire and keep young employees
D.software needs to be used in recruiting and retaining young workers
參考答案：C
答案解析：主旨題。段落主旨題的關(guān)鍵在于找到中心句，一般位于段首或段尾。分析本段結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第1句為中心句，后用舉例論證法展開，最后小結(jié)。將4個(gè)選項(xiàng)與 第1句對比后發(fā)現(xiàn)C與原文相符，故為正確答案。
單選題第7題According to Paragraph 5, restaurants are taking various measures in order to______.
A.attract younger labor
B.retain current employees
C.recruit new staff
D.improve the happiness of employees
參考答案：B
答案解析：推斷題。分析第5段段落結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第1句話為中心句，后面舉了許多實(shí)例，句中的employee retention意為“留住雇員”，故正確答案為B。
單選題第8題Which of the following statements is NOT true of the mobile app mentioned in Paragraph 5?（）。
A.It may be used to settle conflicts among employees.
B.It may be used to provide training.
C.It may be used to ask employees for their opinions.
D.It may be used to provide digital labor services.
參考答案：C
答案解析：推斷題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位第5段，仔細(xì)比對后可知C與原文不符，因?yàn)樵臑?“And Sticky Fingers Ribhouse … is asking employees for their opinions” , C選項(xiàng)的主語與本句不一致，故為正確答案。
單選題第9題Michael Harms, vice president for operations at researcher TDn2K, believes that labor shortage______.
A.can be solved anytime soon
B.can only be solved in new ways
C.cannot be solved unless we track restaurant industry employment trends
D.cannot be solved unless workers are equipped with technology
參考答案：B
答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第7段第1句，分析語義可知，飯店必須找到新的方法解決用工荒的問題，故正確答案為B。
單選題第10題The overall tone of this passage is______.
A.neutral
B.enthusiastic
C.cautious
D.unoptimistic
參考答案：D
答案解析：態(tài)度題。從最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為用工荒的問題沒有改善的跡象，故正確答案為D（不樂觀的）。
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