2018年公共英語五級閱讀理解模擬題（14）

　　公共英語五級閱讀理解模擬題

　　Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year' s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U. S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they' re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply, " says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, "and the lack of redundancy in our system.

　　Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little in. centive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year' s flu virus is different, any tettover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers ( Chiron and Aventis Pas- teur)--and when one of them runs inla trouble, there isn' t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can" t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs, " says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There' s a whole industry that' s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "

　　Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year' s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product ( Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.

　　For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.

　　61. Shortages of flue vaccine show that'

　　A. America relies too much cn foreign suppliers

　　B. the demand of flu vaccines is high this year

　　C. quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production

　　D. the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up

　　62. The word "cleared" ( Line 4, Paragraph 3) might mean

　　A. permitted

　　B. removed

　　C. proved

　　D. produced

　　63. Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of _____

　　A. complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk

　　B. shortages of fertilized chicken eggs

　　C. difficulty in growing live virus

　　D. fast changing of flu virus

　　64. From the last paragraph we can infer that _

　　A. the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions

　　B. more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year

　　C. America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year

　　D. normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year

　　65. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.

　　B. The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.

　　C. More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.

　　D. Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.

　　答案及解析

　　61.D【解析】第一段最后一句話指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出來的問題。

　　“This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply.”says Dr.Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Informa- tion，“and the lack of redundancy in our system.…‘這再次凸顯出我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性，”全國免疫信息網(wǎng)的馬丁-邁爾斯醫(yī)生說，“此外，我們也沒有必要的補救機制。”因此正確答案為D。

　　62.A 【解析】在第三段最后一句“…one culture.based product has been cleared for marketing in Europe.”里出現(xiàn)了“cleared”一詞。根據(jù)下文中“marketing”和讀者有關(guān)藥品上市前應(yīng)該得到批準(zhǔn)的常識，可以判斷出，該詞在本句中的意思是“得到官方的批準(zhǔn)”。因此正確答案為A。

　　63.A 【解析】第二段第二句“Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.”意思是說“私企生產(chǎn)流感疫苗的積極性不高”。接下來作者介紹了制作疫苗的復(fù)雜工序，由此可以推斷出流感疫苗生產(chǎn)工藝復(fù)雜、成本高。第二段又明確指出了私企不愿意生產(chǎn)流感疫苗的其他原因：利潤率低、需求不穩(wěn)定，此外由于流感病毒每年都不同，因此生產(chǎn)數(shù)量不能過大，由此也可推斷出生產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險性大，如果生產(chǎn)多了就會損失很大。因此正確答案為A。

　　64.B【解析】由第四段第二句“The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restricfions an—nounced last week.”中可以知道大約有九千五百萬人有資格注射疫苗。根據(jù)第四段第三句：“That’S nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand，but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year.”和前一句可以推斷出美國現(xiàn)有大約四千七百萬份流感疫苗庫存，由此可推斷出美國至少還有四千七百多萬有資格注射疫苗的人無法得到注射。因此正確答案為B。

　　65.B 【解析】由第一段的“Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated.they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to.”可以判斷出美國之呼吁2至64歲的健康人不接種流感疫苗，而不是所有的美國人，因此答案A是錯誤的。從第二段最后一句話可以看出疫苗生產(chǎn)廠家無法臨時增加疫苗生產(chǎn)不是由于他們不愿意，而是由于受精雞蛋的生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)預(yù)先計劃好，無法提供更多的受精雞蛋，由此可見答案C是錯誤的。從第三段第三行“Flu vaccines ale harder than most to produce this way”可以判斷出答案D是錯誤的，因為流感疫苗比別的疫苗更難用細(xì)菌培育的方式生產(chǎn)。而由第三段第2—3行“The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures——a medium already used to make most other vaccines.”以及上一句可見，改造疫苗生產(chǎn)工藝的關(guān)鍵在于革新病毒培育技術(shù)。因此正確答案為B。