Passage One

　　By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations looked __2__ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism， many of the leaders of independence __3__ the ideas of representative government， careers __4__ to talent， freedom of commerce and trade， the __5__ to private property， and a belief in the individual as the basis of society， __6__ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __7__ set of laws.

　　On the issue of __8__ of religion and the position of the church，__9__ ，there was less agreement __10__ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __11__ by the Spanish crown，__12__ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __13__ the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the __14__ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __15__ for the conservative forces.

　　The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had __16__ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's __17__ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __18__ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies __19__ Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __20__ self-rule and democracy.

　　1. [A] natives　 [B] inhabitants　 [C] peoples 　[D] individuals

　　2. [A] confusedly　 [B] cheerfully　 [C] worriedly 　[D] hopefully

　　3. [A] shared　 [B] forgot 　[C] attained 　[D] rejected

　　4. [A] related　 [B] close 　[C] open 　[D] devoted

　　5. [A] access　 [B] succession　 [C] right　 [D] return

　　6. [A] Presumably 　[B] Incidentally 　[C] Obviously　 [D] Generally

　　7. [A] unique　 [B] common 　[C] particular　 [D] typical

　　8. [A] freedom 　[B] origin　 [C] impact　 [D] reform

　　9. [A] therefore　 [B] however 　[C] indeed　 [D] moreover

　　10. [A] with　 [B] about　 [C] among　 [D] by

　　11. [A] allowed　 [B] preached　 [C] granted 　[D] funded

　　12. [A] Since　 [B] If　 [C] Unless　 [D] While

　　13. [A] as　 [B] for　 [C] under　 [D] against

　　14. [A] spread　 [B] interference　 [C] exclusion 　[D] influence

　　15. [A] support　 [B] cry 　[C] plea　 [D] wish

　　16. [A] urged　 [B] intended　 [C] expected　 [D] promised

　　17. [A] controlling　 [B] former　 [C] remaining　 [D] original

　　參考答案

　　1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D 13.A 14. D 15. C 16. D 17.B 18. D 19. C 20.D