2019年公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)作文常見(jiàn)病句

　　一、“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　常見(jiàn)病句：1. There are many people like to go to the movies.

　　2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.

　　正確表達(dá)：1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.

　　2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.

　　這兩個(gè)例句的錯(cuò)誤比較有普遍性。在運(yùn)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是在there be之后又用了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

　　二、比較結(jié)構(gòu)

　　常見(jiàn)病句：1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.

　　2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

　　正確表達(dá)：1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

　　2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

　　許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當(dāng)多的表達(dá)有誤。

　　在例1中，對(duì)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過(guò)去分詞，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)锽是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，只能被比較。

　　在例2中，考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進(jìn)行比較，而二者沒(méi)有可比性，只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯，很顯然，考生的錯(cuò)誤是受了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響。

　　比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)。

　　下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達(dá)方法：

　　1. 同級(jí)比較

　　1) In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.

　　2) We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years 　　　 in the past.

　　2. 比較級(jí)

　　1) Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.

　　2) We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.

　　3. 最高級(jí)

　　1) This is the most interesting book I've ever read.

　　2) Of all his novels I like this one best.

　　4. “the more…the more…”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

　　2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.

　　5. 選擇比較

　　1) I prefer staying at home to going out.

　　2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.

　　3) He prefers to work alone.

　　注意：這里的1)句用的是Prefer A to B結(jié)構(gòu)，to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;2)句是以不定式作prefer的賓語(yǔ);3)句用法同2)，只是不把rather than部分表達(dá)出來(lái)。

　　6. 對(duì)比

　　1) She is very beautiful while her two sisters are extremely ugly.

　　2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigor.

　　注意：while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個(gè)意義對(duì)立的分句，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的"而"字。

　　三、表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　常見(jiàn)病句：1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

　　2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without

　　working hard.

　　正確表達(dá)：1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

　　2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

　　以上兩個(gè)病句分別引自公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試的考生作文。從遣詞造句上看，這兩位考生具有一定的寫(xiě)作能力，not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均運(yùn)用正確、恰當(dāng)。但令人遺憾的是，第一位考生不知道reason不與to搭配而應(yīng)接介詞for，第二位考生犯了一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤，就是用because引起表語(yǔ)從句，because這個(gè)詞不能引起表語(yǔ)從句，在本句中只能改用that才正確。

　　寫(xiě)作測(cè)試的文體決定了表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性。英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)原因這一概念的結(jié)構(gòu)有多種。我們可用as, because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如：

　　1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.

　　2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.

　　3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

　　4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don't have the ability to solve it, but that some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

　　我們還可以借助某些詞語(yǔ)用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

　　1. The reason for this change is quite obvious.

　　2. Diligence is the key factor of success.

　　3. Idleness is the root of all evils.

　　除了上述的例句外，英語(yǔ)中還有很多或易或難的表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候，不能滿(mǎn)足于一知半解，要講究書(shū)面語(yǔ)言的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性。比如，because是最常用的引導(dǎo)原因從句的連詞，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接的原因，若because置于句首，后面的主句不能再用so。用as引導(dǎo)的原因從句語(yǔ)氣較弱，所說(shuō)明的原因是附帶的，而since表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來(lái)的原因。

　　四、詞性誤用

　　常見(jiàn)病句：1. Free admission to museums in order to let more people learn knowledge.

　　2. Now more and more bikes instead of cars to reduce pollution.

　　3. For example, you work in a big factory.

　　4. More and more museums free admission to the public.

　　5. The working staff of the company talked with us friendly.

　　正確表達(dá)：1. Free admission to museums aims to let more people learn knowledge.

　　2. Now more and more bikes take the place of cars to reduce pollution.

　　3. Suppose you work in a big factory.

　　3. More and more museums become admission-free to the public.

　　4. The working staff of the company talked with us in a friendly way.

　　詞性誤用也是公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)作文中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，考生常常把介詞詞組當(dāng)做動(dòng)詞使用，如例1-3，把名詞當(dāng)做動(dòng)詞用，如例3，還有把形容詞當(dāng)做副詞用，如例4。錯(cuò)誤的主要根源在于不少考生對(duì)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)不夠深入，簡(jiǎn)單地記憶中文意思，然后在寫(xiě)作時(shí)就直接生搬硬套，忽略了句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這要求考生在學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的過(guò)程中，不僅要掌握詞匯的拼寫(xiě)和含義，還要多留心用法和主要的搭配。

　　五、“花費(fèi)”動(dòng)詞的使用

　　常見(jiàn)病句：1. We had to spend a lot of time to prepare for the examination.

　　2. He costs much money for the new mobile phone.

　　3. Waiting for the meals in the crowded canteen takes us a lot of time.

　　正確表達(dá)：1. We had to spend a lot of time preparing for the examination.

　　2. The new mobile phone cost him a lot of money.

　　3. It takes us a lot of time to wait for the meals in the crowded canteen.

　　以上的動(dòng)詞spend, cost, take以及pay, pay for是考生在考試中間經(jīng)常使用，也經(jīng)常容易犯錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞，所以需要好好掌握它們的區(qū)別和各自用法：

　　spend的主語(yǔ)必須是“人”，賓語(yǔ)可以是錢(qián)、精力、時(shí)間等，其后用on (for) + 名詞或用in(可省略)+ 動(dòng)名詞形式，不接不定式。如：

　　He spent a lot of money for this new car.他花了很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)了這輛新車(chē)。

　　He spends much money on books.他平時(shí)將很多錢(qián)用在買(mǎi)書(shū)上。

　　He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)。

　　Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)。(句中on English可與(in) reading English替換)

　　cost的主語(yǔ)必須是“物”或“事”，表示“費(fèi)用”、“耗費(fèi)”，后接life, money, health, time等，側(cè)重于“花費(fèi)”的代價(jià)。如：

　　The book cost him one dollar.這本書(shū)用了他一美元。

　　It costs you 12 pounds to go London by ship.乘船到倫敦要用12英磅。

　　Making experiments like this costs much time and labor.做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)要花很多錢(qián)。

　　注意：cost后不能與具體的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度連用，只能與表示抽象概念的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work等�？烧f(shuō)It cost him ten years of work.不可說(shuō)It cost him ten years to work.

　　take表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)一般是“一件事”，有時(shí)主語(yǔ)也可以是人，它說(shuō)明事情完成“花費(fèi)了……”， 常常用在以It 作為形式主語(yǔ)的句子中。如：

　　It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到郵局用去了我十分鐘時(shí)間。

　　The producer took two years to make the film.制片商用了兩年時(shí)間拍這部新影片。

　　pay的基本意思是“支付”，作為及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)可以是“人”、“錢(qián)”。如：

　　He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租車(chē)的錢(qián)，急忙向車(chē)站趕去。

　　They had to pay two hundred francs.他得付二百法郎。

　　We’ll pay you in a few days.幾天后我會(huì)給你錢(qián)。

　　pay for的賓語(yǔ)為“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。如：

　　You’ll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付給我十美元飯錢(qián)。

　　注意：下面兩句中pay for的意義不同。

　　Of course we have to pay for what we buy.當(dāng)然我們買(mǎi)東西得付錢(qián)。

　　Don’t worry about money; I’ll pay for you.別擔(dān)心錢(qián)，我會(huì)替你付的。