文章過(guò)渡詞知識(shí)

　　文章過(guò)渡詞是篇章意義組織和傳達(dá)的重要一部分。由于過(guò)渡詞能夠表示各種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，如果考生在這方面有一定的知識(shí)，往往可以借助它們搞清文章的來(lái)龍去脈，不讀具體細(xì)節(jié)，也能猜上文或者下文講的是什么。更重要的是過(guò)渡詞在文章中比較突出、醒目，在查證時(shí)容易找。在閱讀中，如把它們?nèi)Τ�，答題就容易多了。因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)性的問(wèn)題和它們有密切的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)我們統(tǒng)計(jì)，問(wèn)題中除了問(wèn)大意、中心思想的，60%以上是問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)的，而只要問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)，90%以上牽涉到原因，特點(diǎn)，功能，理由，事實(shí)，優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等。而這些東西往往是用表示各種語(yǔ)義的過(guò)渡詞來(lái)引出的。

　　根據(jù)過(guò)渡詞表示的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系，我們可以分類為：

　　1) 舉例

　　for example, for instance, as a case in point, as an illustration, such as, say, e.g.

　　2) 釋義

　　that is, that is to say, in other words, so to speak, or rather, namely

　　3) 原因

　　BECause, because of, for, as, owing to, thanks to, due to, now that, since, as a result of, attribute to, in that

　　4) 條件

　　if, unless, whether, provided that, given, as long as, on condition that, otherwise

　　5) 讓步

　　despite, in spite of, though, although, nevertheless, but, however, admittedly, it is true…but, after all

　　6) 結(jié)果

　　for this reason, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, thus, in short, in a word, to sum up, to conclude

　　7)比較

　　similarly, like, likewise, in the same way, much……, as much, no more……, than, just as…… so

　　8)對(duì)照

　　whereas, instead, however, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand, while, some……, others

　　9)層進(jìn)

　　first, in the first place, to begin with, second, next, in addition to, besides, moreover, furthermore, third, finally

　　10)強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, above all, most importantly, worst of all

　　11)目的

　　in order to, in an effort to, so as to, in order that, for fear that, in case, least

　　12)先后

　　shortly after, earlier, later, afterwards, after, before, once, meanwhile, since, until, when, while, the moment, as soon as

　　13)指示

　　this, that, these, this accounts for, this helps explain, that's why

　　如何做判斷是非的題目

　　是非題也稱之為正誤判斷題，因?yàn)閱?wèn)的是選項(xiàng)中對(duì)文章中的事實(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)述是否真實(shí)，提法是否正確，文章或作者是否提及。例如：

　　Which of the following statements is (not) true?

　　Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the passage?

　　Which of the following does not explain _______ ?

　　All of the following are true except ________.

　　可見(jiàn)這些問(wèn)題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要么是"一正三誤"，即一項(xiàng)是對(duì)的，是符合文章事實(shí)的，其余三項(xiàng)均是錯(cuò)的;要么是"一誤三正"，即一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)的，是不合原文事實(shí)的，其余三項(xiàng)均是正確的。

　　解答這類問(wèn)題，頭腦應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚：?jiǎn)栴}是要求把正確的選項(xiàng)圈出，還是要求把錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)圈出。有的考生不看清問(wèn)題，就去選擇選項(xiàng)，想當(dāng)然地把正確的，符合文章事實(shí)的一項(xiàng)圈出，而問(wèn)題明明問(wèn)的是Which of the following is not true (mentioned)，結(jié)果誤選。