當前位置：華課網校 >> 公共英語 >> PETS三級 >> 閱讀指導 >> 2019年公共英語三級閱讀題及答案

2019年公共英語三級閱讀題及答案

來源：華課網校 2018-09-28【大中小】

2019年公共英語三級閱讀題及答案

　　Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.

　　The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.

　　Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.

　　Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.

　　1. It can be inferred that the author consider those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be

　　[A] insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought.

　　[B] overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.

　　[C] not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.

　　[D] insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.

　　2. The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of

　　[A] approval of the specific focus of their research.

　　[B] disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832.

　　[C] approval of their general focus on social conditions.

　　[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts.

　　3. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT

　　[A] The group included many women among its members.

　　[B] The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexual equality.

　　[C] The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.

　　[D] Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the following characteristics?

　　[A] It would be worldwide.

　　[B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles.

　　[C] It would most influence the United States.

　　[D] It would have armies composed of women rather than of men.

　　5. According to the text, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

　　[A] A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.

　　[B] A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.

　　[C] A society in which women did not enter public life.

　　[D] A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.

　　1. 【答案】A

　　【考點解析】本題是一道標點符號題。通過本題題干中的“solitary”一詞可將本題的答案信息中心確定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句話，通過仔細閱讀和理解本句話以及本句前后的兩句話，可以得出本題的正確選項A。其實美國的女權主義運動者并不“孤單”(solitary)，因為她們的思想和行動是和歐洲大陸的女權主義者有著千絲萬縷的聯系，是國際女權運動的一部分�？忌诮忸}時要善于理解標點符號，更要善于對原文的細節(jié)進行推導。

　　2. 【答案】B

　　【考點解析】本題是一道細節(jié)推導題。根據本題題干中的“European historians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段第四句，通過閱讀本句分號前后的內容，可以推導出作者的態(tài)度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分號前半部分所表達的內容。本題的正確答案應該是B�？忌诮忸}時一定要注意原文細節(jié)的推導，尤其是分句之間存在因果關系的時候。

　　3. 【答案】D

　　【考點解析】這是一道歸納推導題。但是本題的題干確沒有明確給出本題在原文中的準確信息來源。這時考生就會迷失答題思路。請同學們一定要記�。好慨斪约好允Т痤}思路時，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主題句，這會幫助考生尋找到解題的思路。本題的正確答案應該是D，因為選項D所表達的內容和本文尾段第一、二句所表達的內容相反。選項A、B、C的內容分別在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及�？忌诮忸}時一定要牢記段落主題句。

　　4. 【答案】A

　　【考點解析】這是一道審題定位題。從本題題干中的“envisioned”(設想，預想)一詞可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在倒數第二段第一句和第二句，因為倒數第二段第一句含有“project”(計劃，規(guī)劃)一詞，倒數第二段第二句含有表示未來的“would”一詞。通過仔細閱讀倒數第二段的第一、二句話，發(fā)現這兩句話都包含“globe”或“world”，可見本題的正確選項應該是A�？忌诮忸}時一定要善于利用題干中的詞語迅速而準確地進行審題定位。

　　5. 【答案】B

　　【考點解析】這是一道反推題。通過本題題干中的“most Saint-Simonians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在尾段的第一句。根據尾段第一句進行反推即逆向思維，可得出本題的正確答案是B�？忌诮忸}時一定要時時牢記反推題型，并且經常利用自己的逆向思維能力

　　Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects ands a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day to make up plover’s nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nest if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalist that a certain type of wasp always provides five-never four, never six-caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.

　　These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problem by stomping their hooves number of times.

　　Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or survive as individuals -as in the case of food. There is on transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animal’s admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instinct, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

　　What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers

　　B. Animas cannot count more than one kind of object

　　C. of all animals, dogs and horses can count best

　　D. Although some animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count

　　The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to___.

　　A. show how attitudes have changed since 1786

　　B. Contradict the idea that animals can count.

　　C. provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities.

　　D. Indicate that more research is needed in this field.

　　The word “surreptitiously” in line 4 is closest in meaning to ___.

　　A. quickly

　　B. secretly

　　C. occasionally

　　D. stubbornly

　　The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some way EXCEpT___.

　　A. plovers

　　B. mice

　　C. caterpillars

　　D. wasps

　　According to the information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of animal’s intuitive awareness of quantities?

　　A. A pigeon is more attracted by a box containing two pieces of food than by a box containing one piece.

　　B. When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.

　　C. When one of its four kittens crawls away, a mother cat misses it and searches for the missing kitten.

　　D. A lion follows one antelope instead of a herd of antelopes because it is easier to hunt a single prey.

　　解析：

　　1.D

　　文章中介紹了某些動物很驚人的數字能力。但是無論怎樣，他們對數字的感覺也只是一種本能。

　　2.C

　　作者舉這個例子是為了證明他所提出的某些動物能夠認知某些東西的數量。

　　3.B

　　根據上下文以及我們的常識，觀察動物的習性是需要很長時間，而且應該是隱蔽的。

　　4.C

　　It has also been noted by naturalist that a certain type of wasp always provides five-never four, never six-caterpillars for each of their eggs。

　　5.B

　　When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.無論猴子的反應是什么樣子，都只是一種反復訓練之后的一種本能的反映。而不是真正的說出他的年齡.

　　The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

　　Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

　　Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

　　One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

　　Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.

　　1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

　　[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.

　　[B] identify a problem.

　　[C] bring together disparate facts.

　　[D] stipulate clear goals.

　　2. The text suggests which of the following about the “writers on management” mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

　　[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

　　[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

　　[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

　　[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

　　3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

　　[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.

　　[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

　　[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

　　[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.

　　4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?

　　[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

　　[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

　　[C] Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

　　[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

　　[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.

　　[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

　　[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

　　[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.

　　1. 【答案】D

　　【考點解析】這是一道歸納推導題。本題題干中的“senior managers”暗示本題的答案信息在第三段，因為第三段首句包含題干中的“senior managers”。通過仔細閱讀和理解本段中所談到的五點，我們可推導出本題的正確選項是選項D。本題選項A、B、C所涉及的內容分別在本段的第五點、第一點和第三點提到。考生在解題時一定要學會認真歸納和總結原文所表達的每一層含義。

　　2. 【答案】D

　　【考點解析】這是一道句間關系題。題干已將本題的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本題答案信息的最主要來源，通過閱讀和理解此句，我們可推導出本題的正確選項是D�？忌诮忸}時一定要適當理解上下句之間的關系。

　　3. 【答案】C

　　【考點解析】本題是一道審題定位題。題干中的“who uses intuition to reach decisions”暗示本題的答案信息在第四段，因為第四段首句含有和題干中“who uses intuition to reach decisions”大致相同的“the intuitive style of executive management”。通過仔細閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話，我們可發(fā)現第四段的第一句話都在強調“act”(行動)，可見本題的正確選項應該是強調行動的選項C。本題的答案信息來源是第四段的第二句話�？忌诮忸}時一定要首先準確地審題定位，然后要善于歸納和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

　　4. 【答案】D

　　【考點解析】本題是一道審題定位題。題干中并沒有明確指出本題答案信息在原文的準確位置。在這種情況下，考生往往迷失解題思路。在考生迷失解題思路時一定要牢記全文中心主旨，并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能夠抓住第一段的尾句，并結合第三段的第四、五句，就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是D。考生在解題時，尤其是在迷失解題思路時，一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句，同時還要抓一些明確表示啟承轉合關系的句子結構。

　　5. 【答案】B

　　【考點解析】本題是一道段落結構題。第一句話中的“do not”和第二句句首的“rather”是破解本題的關鍵。抓住這兩個關鍵就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是B�？忌诮忸}時一定要注意表示否定的詞語以及表示啟承轉合的詞語，更要注意句子之間的相互關系。

　　Kitchen Design

　　Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family.

　　Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of house hold material, as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system.

　　The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up.

　　When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, don't be afraid to mix and match styles.

　　Because many of today's kitchens consist of two of more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement.

　　Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen.

　　Don't limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops, one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit---think of it as saving time in the long run.

　　1. A well-designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and practical at the same time.