The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, "the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文憑)than in providing a quality education for their students." The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus."

　　Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed "Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most." Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree tenure(終身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”

　　1.When a college tries to be "all things to all people", it aims to _______.

　　A. satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

　　B. focus on training students in various skills

　　C. encourage students to take as many courses as possible

　　D. make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

　　答案C。本文問及當一個大學想滿足各種人的各種需要時，它的目標是什么。從文章第一段第二句話可知很多大學的all things to all people(滿足各種人的各種需要)這一宗旨是迎合了找工作的需要，為了滿足這種急功近利、缺乏遠見的需求，學校為學生提供了大量可供選擇的學科(offered a variety of options)(第一段第五句話)。由此兩處可知這些學校這樣做的目的是鼓勵學生研習盡可能多的課程，故C項正確。B項表明的內(nèi)容只是一種結(jié)果而不是學校的目的。D項是對put learning to productive ends(學習為長遠的、富有成效的目的服務)的一種曲解。

　　2.By saying that "in too many academic fields, the work has no context" the author means that the teaching in these areas______.

　　A. ignores the actual situation

　　B. is not based on the right perspective

　　C. only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

　　D. gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

　　答案B。下文中skills, rather than means, have become ends(學習的目的是獲得技能，而不是獲得某種方法)是對題干中引號內(nèi)部分的具體闡釋，這正是B項所表達的意思：教學并非建立在正確的觀點上，因此B項正確。C、D兩項是作者認為應該持有的正確教學觀點，而這恰好是很多大學忽視了的地方。故選B項。

　　3. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _______.

　　A. a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

　　B. students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn

　　C. skills are being taught as a means to an end

　　D. students are only interested in obtaining credentials

　　答案A。文章第一段第二句話告訴我們，現(xiàn)在美國的許多大學里出現(xiàn)的教學危機正是因為為了迎合找工作的需要所致，也就是說，僅僅為了尋找工作這種狹隘的思想支配了很多大學的教學方向，故A項正確。B項與文章意思正好相反;C項是對skills, rather than means, have become ends的曲解;獲得文憑是找工作的條件之一，但學生自己是否僅僅對獲得文憑感興趣，文中并未明確表明這一觀點，故D項也不對。此題選A項。

　　4. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______.

　　A. most of them lack high-quality faculties

　　B. the interests of most faculty members lie in research

　　C. there are not enough incentives for students to study hard

　　D. they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching

　　答案D。文章第二段講述了學校只重視科研而忽視教學(這正是選項D的意思)導致危機產(chǎn)生，所以Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates，故D項正確。文中并未提到學校沒有高水平的教員，也未提到學生因沒有足夠動力而不努力學習的問題，故A、C兩項均不是答案;從文章最后三句話可知教師更多的是對教學而不是對科研感興趣，他們重視科研是因為學校重視科研，而不是他們興趣之真正所在，因此B項也是錯誤的。故本題選D項。

　　5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________

　　A. putting academic work in the proper context

　　B. a commitment to students and effective teaching

　　C. the practice of putting learning to productive ends

　　D. dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge

　　答案B。從文章第二段可知要想有高質(zhì)量的教育，就要重視高質(zhì)量的教學，而獻身教學的教員如不搞科研便會失去許多好處，這一點促使學生不能得到good teaching，這正是教學的失誤，要改變這一點，必須向?qū)W生負責，提供高質(zhì)量的教學，故B項正確。A、C兩項是對文章相應句子的片面理解，都不是作者文中提到的應重視教學的觀點，D項顯然與作者應重視教學的觀點相反。因此本題應選B項。

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