Text 1

　　Not long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully's parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”

　　A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U.S. show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.

　　When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won�餿 believe it.” In a recent police�瞕epartment survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.

　　In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.

　　Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.

　　Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket. [419 words]

　　1.The word “bullying” probably means______.

　　[A] frightening and hurting [B] teasing

　　[C] behaving like a tyrant [D] laughing at

　　2. Calling to a bully's parent.______.

　　[A]has long existed but changed its content [B]is often done with careful thinking

　　[C]often leads to blaming and misunderstanding [D]is used to warn the child not to do it again

　　3. According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.

　　[A] bullying among adults is also rising

　　[B] parents are not supervising their children well

　　[C] parents seldom believe bullies

　　[D] most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying

　　4. When bullying occurs, parents should_______.

　　[A] help the bulling child get rid of cruelty [B] resort to the mediator

　　[C] avoid getting too protective [D] resist the temptation of calling

　　5.Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.

　　[A] her son confessed to being wrong [B] she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent

　　[C]he was likely to be affected by these diseases[D]she wanted to teach her own son a lesson

　　試題精解

　　1. 單詞bullying可能的含義是________。

　　[A] 恐嚇和傷害 [B] 取笑 [C] 表現(xiàn)得像暴君一樣 [D] 嘲笑

　　[精解] 答案A本題考查根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義。文章首段雙方家長的對話中出現(xiàn)的“bullying my child”與“My child is a little angel”相互對照，說明 bullying是壞孩子的行為。第三段中提到打電話的目的是“想讓對方改掉他們孩子的殘忍行為”，cruelty一詞說明了bullying的特點(diǎn)。此外第五段給出了bullying的具體事例：把痰吐到另外一個(gè)孩子的飯里。因此可推知[A]項(xiàng)“恐嚇傷害”為正確答案。[B]項(xiàng)雖然出現(xiàn)在第二段中，[D]項(xiàng)與其近義，但卻都只是其中一種形式，不足以概括所有的行為。[C]項(xiàng)含義不正確。

　　2. 打電話給恃強(qiáng)欺弱者的父母________。

　　[A] (這種做法)長期存在但內(nèi)容有了改變 [B] 經(jīng)常是通過仔細(xì)考慮后才做

　　[C] 常常導(dǎo)致責(zé)備和誤解 [D] 被用來警告這個(gè)孩子不要再做

　　[精解] 答案C本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第一段提到，打電話給恃強(qiáng)欺弱者的父母的做法自有電話以來就長期存在了。第二段首句提到，這樣的電話不計(jì)其數(shù)，但談話內(nèi)容卻一樣。由此排除[A]項(xiàng)。第二段第二句提到，沖動(dòng)的父母抓起電話，大聲抱怨。排除[B]項(xiàng)。第二段末句提到，這樣的電話常常只導(dǎo)致責(zé)備;第四段第二句提到，專家指出它可能會被誤解，使對方勃然大怒。由此可知[C]項(xiàng)正確。[D]項(xiàng)未提。

　　3. 根據(jù)美國的調(diào)查表明，______。

　　[A] 成人中的恃強(qiáng)欺弱現(xiàn)象也在增加 [B] 父母沒有很好地看管他們的孩子

　　[C] 父母很少相信恃強(qiáng)欺弱者 [D] 大部分父母打電話解決恃強(qiáng)欺弱問題

　　[精解] 答案B本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第二段第三句提到，研究表明恃強(qiáng)欺弱現(xiàn)象增加，父母看管減少，因此[B]項(xiàng)正確，[A]項(xiàng)無從得知。第三段最后用數(shù)據(jù)說明，父母很少相信自己的孩子會恃強(qiáng)欺弱。[C]項(xiàng)換成了不相信恃強(qiáng)欺弱者本身，錯(cuò)誤。第四段首句提到，研究表明5%的父母支持找家長解決恃強(qiáng)欺弱問題。[D]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在most(大部分)，與事實(shí)不符。

　　4. 當(dāng)恃強(qiáng)欺弱問題發(fā)生時(shí)，父母應(yīng)該_______。

　　[A] 幫助恃強(qiáng)欺弱的孩子改掉殘忍的行為 [B] 求助調(diào)停者的幫助

　　[C] 避免變得太過自我保護(hù) [D] 抵擋打電話的誘惑

　　[精解] 答案B本題考查作者觀點(diǎn)。第三段首句提到，受欺負(fù)的孩子的家長打電話是希望對方家長能改正其孩子恃強(qiáng)欺弱的毛病�？梢姡琜A]項(xiàng)并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。第五段首句提到，接到電話的家長不要自我保護(hù)。第六段提到，如果你想撥電話，一定要忍住誘惑。顯然[C]和[D]項(xiàng)是分別針對“接到電話”和“打電話”的家長而言的。只有[B]項(xiàng)在第四段提到，是教育者對雙方家長給出的建議，因此也是作者同意的觀點(diǎn)。

　　5. 勞拉•麥休許諾讓受到欺負(fù)的孩子做疾病測試是因?yàn)開________。

　　[A] 她兒子承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了 [B] 她害怕惹怒男孩的家長

　　[C] 他可能會被這些疾病感染 [D] 她想給兒子一個(gè)教訓(xùn)

　　[精解] 答案D本題考查第五段的細(xì)節(jié)。該段舉例說明應(yīng)如何正確對待一位憤怒的家長的電話。該段倒數(shù)第三句提到，麥休許諾讓受欺負(fù)的孩子做疾病測試，不僅讓其母親平靜下來，也讓自己的兒子知道父母是非常嚴(yán)肅地對待他的惡劣行為。由此可知[D]項(xiàng)正確。

　　Text 2

　　“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

　　Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

　　Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy�餾 fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

　　The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we�餽e not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]

　　6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .

　　[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

　　[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

　　[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

　　[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

　　7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?

　　[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.

　　[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.

　　[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.

　　[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.

　　8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?

　　[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

　　[B]Few people have realized its significance.

　　[C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made.

　　[D] It is becoming a prosperous industry.

　　9. From the passage we can infer that _____.

　　[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

　　[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

　　[C] human reproductive system has not been understood

　　[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

　　10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.

　　[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

　　[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

　　試題精解

　　6.威斯蘇森先生認(rèn)為克隆是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)開____。

　　[A] 實(shí)驗(yàn)中的動(dòng)物被折磨至死 [B] 公眾表達(dá)了強(qiáng)烈的不滿

　　[C] 實(shí)驗(yàn)浪費(fèi)了很多生命 [D] 克隆成為僅僅追求利益的行為

　　[精解] 答案C本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段末“Cloning... also dangerous”。其上文即該段倒數(shù)第二句中，威斯蘇森先生指出，在貓或牛的克隆試驗(yàn)中，對動(dòng)物卵的浪費(fèi)以及許多動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn)都可以接受，但是克隆人就不行。因此可知，[C]是“危險(xiǎn)”的真正含義。[A]中torture(折磨)一詞無從推知;[B]項(xiàng)文中未提及;第三段首句雖然提到，狗的克隆有很大的商機(jī)，但不能由此推出[D]正確。

　　7.克隆密斯項(xiàng)目面臨的問題是什么?

　　[A] 客戶對它持懷疑態(tài)度。 [B] 沒有足夠的資金支持這項(xiàng)研究。

　　[C] 狗的主人不愿意透漏信息。[D] 狗的克隆是一個(gè)生物難題。

　　[精解] 答案D本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。題干中the Missyplicity project指克隆一只名叫密斯的狗的項(xiàng)目。第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出，克隆密斯可能成功也可能失敗。該段最后一句解釋其原因是：狗的生殖系統(tǒng)似乎是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中一個(gè)神秘的領(lǐng)域。因此[D]為正確項(xiàng)。

　　第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一個(gè)商機(jī)，能帶來豐厚的科研報(bào)酬。該段第三句又提到，對于像密斯的主人這樣的消費(fèi)者來說，高額的花銷并不是什么障礙。由此可知，[B]不是項(xiàng)目存在的問題。[C]屬于答非所問，第三段第三句提到，密斯的主人希望匿名以保護(hù)自己的隱私。但這對項(xiàng)目本身并不造成任何影響。[A]無從推知。

　　8.下面哪一項(xiàng)是關(guān)于動(dòng)物克隆的正確說法?

　　[A] 很少有私人克隆公司能夠承擔(dān)。 [B] 很少有人意識到它的意義。

　　[C] 可以制造出與貓或牛一模一樣的復(fù)制品。[D] 它正成為一個(gè)欣欣向榮的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

　　[精解] 答案D本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能帶來豐厚科研報(bào)酬的商機(jī)。下文無論是提到動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院頻繁接到的電話，還是舉出一擲千金想克隆愛犬的富人的例子都是為了說明首句的觀點(diǎn)。因此[D]正確。

　　第三段最后兩句提到，密斯(狗)的克隆體與它本身存在差異之處。至于貓和牛的情況如何，文中沒有涉及，排除[C]。[A]和[B]在文中也沒有提及。

　　9.從文中我們可以推知_______。

　　[A] 威斯蘇森很快將克隆出一只狗[B] 科學(xué)家對克隆人持悲觀態(tài)度

　　[C] 人類的生殖系統(tǒng)還沒有被了解[D] 富有的人只對克隆動(dòng)物感興趣

　　[精解] 答案B本題考查推理。文章一開始就引用專家威斯蘇森的話，指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試。第二段最后兩句提到，克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)的低效性和危險(xiǎn)性在克隆人中不可接受。文章末尾再次引用該專家的話，指出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物的研究還沒成功，沒有必要想到克隆人。由此可見以威斯蘇森為代表的科學(xué)家對克隆人是持悲觀態(tài)度的。[B]為正確項(xiàng)。

　　第一段最后兩句提到，威斯蘇森和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再過五年都不會成功。因此狗的克隆的成功是尚未確定的事情，排除[A]。第一段末句提到，狗的生殖系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中神秘的領(lǐng)域�！叭说纳�殖系統(tǒng)”在文中沒有涉及，[C]無從推知。文中只提到一位富人有意克隆他的狗，但沒有指出富人對克隆人不感興趣，排除[D]。

　　10.威斯蘇森先生似乎認(rèn)為克隆________。

　　[A] 是愚蠢的，應(yīng)該被放棄[B] 已經(jīng)接近成功

　　[C] 應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎對待 [D] 現(xiàn)在正處于進(jìn)退維谷的境地

　　[精解] 答案C本題考查文中人物觀點(diǎn)。注意題干問的是“克隆”，它包括了克隆人和克隆動(dòng)物兩個(gè)方面。第二段末句中，威斯蘇森先生強(qiáng)調(diào)了克隆的低效性和危險(xiǎn)性;文末他又指出，克隆動(dòng)物的研究還沒有接近成功時(shí)，更別提克隆人。因此，[C]概括了他對于克隆的整體態(tài)度。

　　文章第二句出現(xiàn)的a stupid endeavor是威斯蘇森先生對克隆人的看法，不包括克隆動(dòng)物，因此排除[A]。[B]與文章末句not yet close to getting it worked out相矛盾。從第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，威斯蘇森先生對于克隆動(dòng)物是默許的，并不認(rèn)為克隆處于進(jìn)退維谷的境地，排除[D]。