分詞

　　分詞是動詞的三種非限定形式之一, 包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞可以在句中作狀語及定語。

　　(一)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

　　現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時(shí)間概念上。在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞(除被動式外)表示主動意思, 過去分詞表示被動意思。在時(shí)間上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行, 過去分詞則表示動作已完成。

　　developing countries(發(fā)展中國家)

　　developed countries(發(fā)達(dá)國家)

　　the touching tale(動人的傳說)

　　the touched audince(受感動的觀眾)

　　(二)現(xiàn)在分詞的用法

　　現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作定語和狀語。

　　1. 作定語

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)多置于它所修飾的名詞前:

　　This is a pressing question.

　　這是一個緊迫的問題。

　　He asked an embarrassing question.

　　他提了一個令人難堪的問題。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞亦可置于它所修飾的名詞之后:

　　There were no soldiers drilling.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語一般皆置于其修飾的名詞之后:

　　A little child learning to walk often falls.

　　The men working here are all from the rural areas.

　　2. 現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語

　　現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語從表意的角度看, 也可用作狀語, 表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動作可能發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或之后, 也可能與謂語動的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　(1)表示時(shí)間

　　Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.

　　He went out shutting the door behind him.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí), 現(xiàn)在分詞之前可用連詞when或while:

　　When leaving the airport, they waved again and agin to us.

　　While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought to be a meteorite.

　　(2)表示原因

　　Being sick, I stayed at home.

　　She caught cold sitting on the grass.

　　(3)表示條件

　　Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent.

　　Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.

　　(4)表示讓步

　　Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.

　　(5)表示結(jié)果

　　It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.

　　It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holday.

　　(6)表示方式或伴隨情況

　　He ran up to her breathing heavily.

　　Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.

　　(三)過去分詞的作用

　　1. 作定語

　　過去分詞可以作定語。如果是單詞，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前，例如：

　　Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?

　　2. 作狀語

　　(1)時(shí)間狀語

　　Heated,the metals expands

　　When seen through a telescope,the sun appears darker near the edge

　　(2)表示原因

　　Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.

　　Overcome with surprise, she was unable to utter a word.

　　(3)表示條件

　　United,we stand;divided,we fall.

　　Given more time,I’ll do it better.

　　(4)表示讓步

　　Considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.

　　Badly involved in the accident,the car is still running.

　　(5)表示方式或伴隨

　　He came back,utterly exhausted.

　　United as one, the people of the whole country are striving for greater successes in socialist construction.

　　(四)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

　　It being a holiday, I went fishing.

　　Weather permitting, we shall start tomorrow.

　　The plan having been approved of, what is most important is to carry it out.計(jì)劃被批準(zhǔn)后，最重要的是付諸實(shí)施。

　　She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast.她凝視著，雙手交叉在胸前。

　　Generally speaking, we now live in a comparatively peaceful an rich world.

　　Judging from what you said, he is a stone-hearted person.

　　He fell asleep with the lamp burning

　　The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.