主謂一致

　　主謂一致指句子成分之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。

　　主謂一致指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致。

　　在具體處理一致關(guān)系時(shí)可遵循以下三原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。

　　一、集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　如集體名詞在句中意指整體概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;

　　如在句中意指其具體成員, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　這類集體名詞包括:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band等。

　　The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

　　One third of the population here are farmers.

　　The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

　　The public now know the whole story.

　　The teaching staff of this college is/are excellent.這所大學(xué)的教師都是出類拔萃的

　　二、學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　某些學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但這些詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

　　這些詞包括: electronics(電子學(xué)), mechanics(力學(xué)),classics(古典文學(xué)), linguistics(語(yǔ)言學(xué)), economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)),statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)), physics(物理學(xué)), mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))等。

　　Electronics is a piece of cake to him.

　　Qiantum mechanics(量子力學(xué)) supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.

　　三、表示書名、報(bào)名、劇名、國(guó)名等的名詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　表示書名、報(bào)名、劇名、國(guó)名等的名詞(或詞組)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如只指一種、一本或一個(gè), 不論它形式上是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)形式。

　　The adventrues of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American umorist Mark Twain.

　　The New York Times is not available here.

　　The United States was founded in 1776.

　　四、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 要根據(jù)句子意思來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞包括: aircraft, deer, fish, sheep , means, species, series, works, crossroads headquarters等。

　　Various means of transport are introduced in this article.

　　There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.

　　It is all a means to an end.這只是達(dá)到目的的一種手段。

　　The airline ordered 15 new aircraft.那家航空公司訂購(gòu)了十五架新飛機(jī)。

　　五、表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 如表示抽象概念, 被視作一整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如表示具體的多少, 強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.

　　Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.

　　The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.

　　六、由with, as well as等詞或詞組修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致.

　　如作主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞后有下列詞或詞組修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式: with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but等。

　　The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.

　　A scientist, together with some assistants,was sent to help solve that problem.

　　The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.

　　Nobody but San and Ann is in the lab.

　　七、and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　一般情況下, and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但有些情況下, and連接的兩個(gè)名詞意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。通常, 如果兩個(gè)名詞只有一個(gè)限定詞或無(wú)限定詞修飾時(shí),它們常常表示一個(gè)概念, 如果兩個(gè)名詞分別有兩個(gè)限定詞修飾時(shí),它們往往表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。

　　另外, 如果and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞均有each, every , many a,no等詞修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　War and peace is a constant theme in history.

　　The wear and tear on the machine is obvious.

　　The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.

　　Every hour and every minute is vital to me now.

　　Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition.

　　八、連詞or等連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致

　　連詞or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和靠它較近的一個(gè)名詞或代詞取得一致, 這就是就近一致原則。

　　Either I or they are responsible for it.

　　Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.

　　Not only he but also his amily members are interested in football match.

　　九、其他情況下的主謂語(yǔ)一致

　　1.none本身作主語(yǔ)時(shí)或它修飾的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如代表不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 如代表可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　None of the telephones are/is working.所有的電話都?jí)牧恕?/P>

　　2. one and a half后接的名詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　如:One and a half years has passed.

　　3. more than one后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但如果more than one本身作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　More than one question has been discussed.

　　4. either, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

　　Neither shoe fits comfortably.兩只鞋都不合腳。

　　Neither of my friends has come yet.我的兩個(gè)朋友都還沒(méi)來(lái)。

　　5. one or two后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

　　I shall be away only one or two days.

　　6. one of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

　　John is the only one of the students who has been to France.

　　7. 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Seeing is believing.

　　To hesitate means failure.